Suchergebnisse

Рассматриваются виды женского поведения на части территории Калининской области, занятой немцами в 1941-1944 гг. Автор показывает реакцию населения на приход оккупантов, участие женщин в движении Сопротивления, проявления различных форм коллаборационизма в регионе. Публикация основана на анализе мемуарных материалов и архивных документов. ; The article analyzes the modes of women's behavior in the territory of Kalinin region occupied by the Germans in 1941-1944. The article is based on the analysis of reminiscences of the war and official records. The records of Tver documentation centre of modern and contemporary history as well as archives of the Federal Security Service containing little-known pecularities of the citizens′ life during occupation are used. The author reveals the public reaction to the invasion, the women's participation in the resistance movement. Analyzing the women's role in the partisan movement the author underlines difficulties in their adaptation to the life in partisan units. The article shows that there were all forms of collaboration (from political to everyday) on the occupied territory of Kalinin Region. The most common reasons for collaboration were the wish to survive and even make profit as well as fear of relatives. The author observes different forms of relationship between local community and the Germans who settled in their houses and flats. The occupants often acted aggressively but in some cases they showed kindness, for example, to children. The article pays special attention to the consideration of irregular situations with the women in occupation with evidence provided. The author draws a conclusion that most of the women on the occupied territory of Kalinin Region had to collaborate some way or other with the representatives of the occupation authorities and asks to be careful at the assessment of their behavior.

В статье исследуются содержание, цели, формы и методы немецкой пропаганды среди населения оккупированных районов Калининской области в 1941-1942 гг. Автор установила, что основными целями пропаганды являлись дискредитация советского режима и создание положительного образа немецкой власти. Широкое применение в исследуемый период нашли листовки, значительная часть которых предназначалась для военнослужащих и крестьян, недовольных политикой коллективизации ; The article is devoted to the investigation of aims, contents, forms and methods of Nazi propaganda on the territory of the occupied areas of Kalinin region in 1941-1942. The author ascertains that the aims of the propaganda were to discredit the Soviet power and create a positive image of the Nazi regime. The leaflets the majority of which was meant for military men, partisans and rural population discontented with the collectivization policy, gained the extensive application.

Исследуются общественные настроения населения Калининской области накануне Великой Отечественной войны. Выявляется присутствие критических по отношению к власти настроений во всех социальных группах. Недовольство жителей вызывала политика коллективизации, высокие налоги, нехватка товаров, а также внешнеполитический курс правительства. ; The article is devoted to the analysis of the community spirit in the Kalinin Region on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. Public discontent with respect to the political power was observed in all social groups. Collectivization policy, high tax system, lack of goods as well as foreign policy of the Soviet government caused public discontent.