Suchergebnisse

Problem setting. The 21st century is a time of global change. Globalization is spreading in all areas of human life. Against the background of these changes, culture is turning into an important factor of social and economic progress for both the human civilization as a whole and for individual countries. However, as historical experience shows, the state and its institutions play an essential role in the development of the cultural sphere, which should not only create the appropriate conditions, but also shape and implement the national cultural strategies, laying a solid foundation for the development of the entire society. The scientific task is to identify specific features of the cultural sphere as an object of state regulation, which will create opportunities for the development of the applied mechanisms of the state impact on the cultural sphere development.Recent research and publications analysis. The issues of public administration in the field of culture were investigated by a number of scientists, including: V. Averianov, S. Drozhzhina, V. Karlova, E. Kubko, V. Tsvetkov and other scholars. The theoretical and methodological foundations and aspects of public administration of the sphere of culture were studied by such researchers as V. Andrushchenko, V. Bakumenko, S. Chukut, I. Dziuba, O. Gritsenko, V. Skuratovsky, M. Zhulinskyi and others. The subject of the structure and mechanism for implementing the function of culture in public administration has been covered in the works by such scientists as O. Boiko, P. Hudzenko, V. Klochko, Y. Mandryk, M. Semenova and other researchers. A considerable contribution has been made by V. Andrushchenko, Y. Bohutskyi, G. Chmil, V. Malimon, L. Vostryakov, V. Zhidkov. The works of foreign scientists, in particular D. Adams, V. Bolto, H. Chartrand, A. Goldbard, C. McCaughey and a number of others also draw attention in terms of our study.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The current research of the concept of "culture" has an extensive structure that needs to be defined (re-defined) along the lines of state regulation. The paper defines the concept of "culture", based on generalization of various approaches, and distinguishes the characteristic features of the sphere of culture and its constituents. Culture is considered as an object of state regulation; effective ways for the state to influence the development of the sphere of culture in the modern conditions are determined.However, a number of priority areas still remain understudied, one of them being the support of the so-called "cultural diplomacy" and the specificity of promoting its development.Paper main body. Today, there exist several hundred definitions of the concept of "culture", as well as many approaches to its study, theoretical concepts, models and types of culture. It should be noted that the evolution of the scientific understanding of the concept of "culture" can be considered in three interrelated aspects: historical, political and philosophical.Scientists believe that the 21st century is the time when the intelligence of human resources will serve as the core, and when the largest in size European country will continue its development, focusing on cultural affairs and cultural policy. Culture should enrich the society, and shape the best thoughts of each individual. The present day should unite traditions and innovations – this is the task of the new age. The 21st century is a time of creating new conditions for the development of culture and a qualitatively new level of governance.There has always existed a close relationship between culture and politics. The development of culture depends on the state insofar as the support of culture is important for the political power. Culture is a multifaceted phenomenon. It is a certain standard, relationships between people, and specific human activities as well. At the same time, it is an integral system. However, the culture of every individual is interpreted precisely through this standard.Speaking about culture and politics and their relationship, it is worth mentioning that culture, eventually, is the result of a set of different factors, while politics is part of culture. There are certain values and behaviors in political activity. The specificity of this interaction is difference, i. e. the difference between cultures. And this is exactly what makes it possible to understand the instability of the political system under different conditions.In our opinion, in the modern world it is most appropriate to understand culture from the standpoint of the activity approach. Accordingly, from the point of view of dynamics, culture is a way of human activity, the activity of communities related to creation, dissemination and preservation of material, social and spiritual values; while in terms of statics, these are the results of the said activity. Therefore, culture is people's achievement attained through their own intellectual and creative abilities, which lays the foundation for the development of society as a whole and its individual areas.Concerning the concept of the "sphere of culture", we might note that it is of composite nature in relation to the entire set of sector-specific systems; yet, it's content can not be regarded as fully established. The specificity of the cultural sphere lies in the ways of satisfying the aesthetic and informational needs of people. Cultural activities are carried out by organizations, institutions of various forms of ownership, as well as by private individuals. This makes it obvious that the development and efficient functioning of the cultural sphere is impossible without a unified system of management in the cultural sphere. A high-quality system should stimulate the development of cultural institutions and create new opportunities for the new forms of cultural activity.The sphere of culture is multifunctional and possesses a high capacity for self-organization; but it is these qualities that makes one reflect upon whether it is really an instrument of state regulation of society's development, or whether it can be regulated at all. If we step back deeper into history, it becomes clear that long ago there existed institutions that regulated the sphere of culture, such as the government, the church, and the market.In today's world, the relationship between the state and the sphere of culture is changing; the role of the state is becoming less direct, the forms of governance undergo certain transformations. The state pays more attention to how transformation processes will take place and how effective they will be. Actually, problems do exist, and they have to be addressed. State regulation is not simply a key task, but also an important indicator of the state's activity in the world. The implementation of state regulation must have certain priorities. First and foremost, they are: preservation of the cultural heritage; creation of a unified space, based on traditions; accessibility for the general public; strengthening of the material and technical base; and ensuring the innovative development of the sphere of culture.Investigating the peculiarities of the state regulation of the sphere of culture, it should be noted that the problem resides in using the methods and modes of management that do not meet the needs of cultural institutions' integration into the market economy. This results in an inefficient utilization of resources, proving once again that formation of a single effective system of management of the cultural sphere components is a prerequisite for their future development.In this context, there are two areas of the state impact on the sphere of culture: the first is formation of cultural life in general, the second – coordination of the cultural needs and interests of different social groups. In order to effectively manage culture, a certain integration of control and self-regulation is required, with the relevant measures to be taken for the intended effect.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Having analyzed the existing definitions of the concept of "culture", one can understand that they all reflect the characteristics of this social phenomenon. Culture is one of the most important spheres of human life and the benchmark that determines the level of development of society in general.The study of the concept of "culture" in terms of the historical, political and philosophical approaches has made it possible to establish that culture is a way of human activity, the activity of communities related to creation, dissemination and preservation of material, social and spiritual values; while in terms of statics, they are the results of these activities.In the modern world, a successful development of culture at the national level implies state intervention through the mechanisms and instruments of state regulation. At the same time, the state regulation in the sphere of culture should be carried out in accordance with a set of priorities, the main of which for the time being are as follows: preservation of the cultural and spiritual heritage; promotion of moral values in the cultural space; ensuring maximum accessibility for the general public of the best samples of culture and art; creation of cultural clusters and tourism brands; a maximum involvement of tourism in the cultural sphere; ensuring innovative development of the cultural sphere; application of modern technologies; effective training of personnel; strengthening the material base of cultural institutions countrywide; support for the "cultural diplomacy".The features of facilitating the development of the cultural diplomacy will be the subject of our further research. ; Досліджено характерні особливості культури як об'єкта державного регулювання. Розглянуто різні поняття "культури", її складові, аспекти та підходи. Визначено специфічні риси сфери культури як об'єкта державного регулювання, а також способи впливу держави на розвиток сфери культури у сучасних умовах.

Problem setting. The 21st century is a time of global change. Globalization is spreading in all areas of human life. Against the background of these changes, culture is turning into an important factor of social and economic progress for both the human civilization as a whole and for individual countries. However, as historical experience shows, the state and its institutions play an essential role in the development of the cultural sphere, which should not only create the appropriate conditions, but also shape and implement the national cultural strategies, laying a solid foundation for the development of the entire society. The scientific task is to identify specific features of the cultural sphere as an object of state regulation, which will create opportunities for the development of the applied mechanisms of the state impact on the cultural sphere development.Recent research and publications analysis. The issues of public administration in the field of culture were investigated by a number of scientists, including: V. Averianov, S. Drozhzhina, V. Karlova, E. Kubko, V. Tsvetkov and other scholars. The theoretical and methodological foundations and aspects of public administration of the sphere of culture were studied by such researchers as V. Andrushchenko, V. Bakumenko, S. Chukut, I. Dziuba, O. Gritsenko, V. Skuratovsky, M. Zhulinskyi and others. The subject of the structure and mechanism for implementing the function of culture in public administration has been covered in the works by such scientists as O. Boiko, P. Hudzenko, V. Klochko, Y. Mandryk, M. Semenova and other researchers. A considerable contribution has been made by V. Andrushchenko, Y. Bohutskyi, G. Chmil, V. Malimon, L. Vostryakov, V. Zhidkov. The works of foreign scientists, in particular D. Adams, V. Bolto, H. Chartrand, A. Goldbard, C. McCaughey and a number of others also draw attention in terms of our study.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The current research of the concept of "culture" has an extensive structure that needs to be defined (re-defined) along the lines of state regulation. The paper defines the concept of "culture", based on generalization of various approaches, and distinguishes the characteristic features of the sphere of culture and its constituents. Culture is considered as an object of state regulation; effective ways for the state to influence the development of the sphere of culture in the modern conditions are determined.However, a number of priority areas still remain understudied, one of them being the support of the so-called "cultural diplomacy" and the specificity of promoting its development.Paper main body. Today, there exist several hundred definitions of the concept of "culture", as well as many approaches to its study, theoretical concepts, models and types of culture. It should be noted that the evolution of the scientific understanding of the concept of "culture" can be considered in three interrelated aspects: historical, political and philosophical.Scientists believe that the 21st century is the time when the intelligence of human resources will serve as the core, and when the largest in size European country will continue its development, focusing on cultural affairs and cultural policy. Culture should enrich the society, and shape the best thoughts of each individual. The present day should unite traditions and innovations – this is the task of the new age. The 21st century is a time of creating new conditions for the development of culture and a qualitatively new level of governance.There has always existed a close relationship between culture and politics. The development of culture depends on the state insofar as the support of culture is important for the political power. Culture is a multifaceted phenomenon. It is a certain standard, relationships between people, and specific human activities as well. At the same time, it is an integral system. However, the culture of every individual is interpreted precisely through this standard.Speaking about culture and politics and their relationship, it is worth mentioning that culture, eventually, is the result of a set of different factors, while politics is part of culture. There are certain values and behaviors in political activity. The specificity of this interaction is difference, i. e. the difference between cultures. And this is exactly what makes it possible to understand the instability of the political system under different conditions.In our opinion, in the modern world it is most appropriate to understand culture from the standpoint of the activity approach. Accordingly, from the point of view of dynamics, culture is a way of human activity, the activity of communities related to creation, dissemination and preservation of material, social and spiritual values; while in terms of statics, these are the results of the said activity. Therefore, culture is people's achievement attained through their own intellectual and creative abilities, which lays the foundation for the development of society as a whole and its individual areas.Concerning the concept of the "sphere of culture", we might note that it is of composite nature in relation to the entire set of sector-specific systems; yet, it's content can not be regarded as fully established. The specificity of the cultural sphere lies in the ways of satisfying the aesthetic and informational needs of people. Cultural activities are carried out by organizations, institutions of various forms of ownership, as well as by private individuals. This makes it obvious that the development and efficient functioning of the cultural sphere is impossible without a unified system of management in the cultural sphere. A high-quality system should stimulate the development of cultural institutions and create new opportunities for the new forms of cultural activity.The sphere of culture is multifunctional and possesses a high capacity for self-organization; but it is these qualities that makes one reflect upon whether it is really an instrument of state regulation of society's development, or whether it can be regulated at all. If we step back deeper into history, it becomes clear that long ago there existed institutions that regulated the sphere of culture, such as the government, the church, and the market.In today's world, the relationship between the state and the sphere of culture is changing; the role of the state is becoming less direct, the forms of governance undergo certain transformations. The state pays more attention to how transformation processes will take place and how effective they will be. Actually, problems do exist, and they have to be addressed. State regulation is not simply a key task, but also an important indicator of the state's activity in the world. The implementation of state regulation must have certain priorities. First and foremost, they are: preservation of the cultural heritage; creation of a unified space, based on traditions; accessibility for the general public; strengthening of the material and technical base; and ensuring the innovative development of the sphere of culture.Investigating the peculiarities of the state regulation of the sphere of culture, it should be noted that the problem resides in using the methods and modes of management that do not meet the needs of cultural institutions' integration into the market economy. This results in an inefficient utilization of resources, proving once again that formation of a single effective system of management of the cultural sphere components is a prerequisite for their future development.In this context, there are two areas of the state impact on the sphere of culture: the first is formation of cultural life in general, the second – coordination of the cultural needs and interests of different social groups. In order to effectively manage culture, a certain integration of control and self-regulation is required, with the relevant measures to be taken for the intended effect.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Having analyzed the existing definitions of the concept of "culture", one can understand that they all reflect the characteristics of this social phenomenon. Culture is one of the most important spheres of human life and the benchmark that determines the level of development of society in general.The study of the concept of "culture" in terms of the historical, political and philosophical approaches has made it possible to establish that culture is a way of human activity, the activity of communities related to creation, dissemination and preservation of material, social and spiritual values; while in terms of statics, they are the results of these activities.In the modern world, a successful development of culture at the national level implies state intervention through the mechanisms and instruments of state regulation. At the same time, the state regulation in the sphere of culture should be carried out in accordance with a set of priorities, the main of which for the time being are as follows: preservation of the cultural and spiritual heritage; promotion of moral values in the cultural space; ensuring maximum accessibility for the general public of the best samples of culture and art; creation of cultural clusters and tourism brands; a maximum involvement of tourism in the cultural sphere; ensuring innovative development of the cultural sphere; application of modern technologies; effective training of personnel; strengthening the material base of cultural institutions countrywide; support for the "cultural diplomacy".The features of facilitating the development of the cultural diplomacy will be the subject of our further research. ; Досліджено характерні особливості культури як об'єкта державного регулювання. Розглянуто різні поняття "культури", її складові, аспекти та підходи. Визначено специфічні риси сфери культури як об'єкта державного регулювання, а також способи впливу держави на розвиток сфери культури у сучасних умовах.