Suchergebnisse

Sacred-knightly orders are military-monastic organizations of knights that were created in the period of Crusades in XII–XIII centuries. The main purposes were: wars against unfaithful and spreading of Catholicism. Soon orders could become secular. All of them had strict regulations. Structure of sacred-knightly orders was hierarchical.Each order was headed by Great Master. He was elected for life and approved by Pontifex. Principals of provinces (priors), marshals and commanders submitted to Great Master. All of them were representatives of General chapter which was convened periodically and had legislature. Order of knights-monks had hierarchical structure. Brothers-knights were primary. Squires and chaplains were next to them. Each order was headed by Great Master who was elected for life. Authority of Great Master was large. Council of other higher officials was near Masters. Periodically meetings of general chapters of brothers-knights were gathered. Orders could be divided among territories where mon-asteries were situated. Orders were submitted to Pontifex. After entering into order knights became monks. They took vows of humility, poorness and celibacy. 12 sacred-knightly orders appeared in Europe from 1100 to 1300 years. The most resistant orders were Knights Templas, Order of Hospitallers and Teutonic Order.Each order had its symbol that was disposed on clothes. White cloak with red octagonal cross was a symbol of Knights Templas. Order of Hospitallers took as a symbol white octagonal cross that was disposed on the left shoulder of black mantle. White cloak with black cross was a symbol of Teutonic Order.Two of these orders exist nowadays. They are Order of Hospitallers and Teutonic Order ; В статье даѐтся определение термину «духовно-рыцарские ордена». Анализируются причины возникнове-ния орденов. В статье рассмотрены три духовно-рыцарских ордена: орден Тамплиеров, орден госпитальеров и Тевтонский орден. Анализируются символы, которые были присущи каждому из орденов. В статье сравнива-ются статуты каждого ордена. Рассмотрены достижения представителей каждого из орденов. Раскрыты обеты, которые принимали рыцари при вступлении в орден. ; У статті дається визначення терміну «духовно-лицарські ордени». Аналізуються причини виникнення орденів. У статті розглянуто три духовно-лицарські ордени: орден Тамплієрів, орден госпітальєрів і Тевтонський орден. Аналізуються символи, які були притаманні кожному з орденів. У статті порівнюються статути кожного ордену. Роз-глянуто досягнення, які здобули представники кожного з орденів. Висвітлені обітниці, які приймали лицарі при вступі до ордену