В статье рассматривается концепция полицейского дознания. Из нее делаются выводы относительно путей реформирования досудебного расследования. Проводится сравнительно-правовой анализ отечественного и украинского законодательства, регулирующего досудебное производство. Подвергаются критике несколько существующих законопроектов по реформе отечественного досудебного производства по уголовным делам.The article discusses the concept of a police inquiry. Draws conclusions from it, on how to reform the pre-trial investigation. Conducted comparative legal analysis of the domestic and Ukrainian legislation regulating pre-trial proceedings. Criticized some of the existing laws on the reform of the national pre-trial proceedings in criminal matters.
Рассматриваются основные тенденции в развитии торговой деятельности городской и рабочей потребительской кооперации Сибири во второй половине 1920-х гг. На основе анализа опубликованных материалов и архивных документов автор обосновывает вывод об изменении характера торговой деятельности кооперативов и переходе к нормированию отпуска продовольственных и промышленных товаров и карточному снабжению. ; In the article the main progress trends of the trading activity of Siberian urban and labour consumer's cooperation in late 1920s is revealed. In 1926-1927 its trading network kept on extending, the commodity circulation increased, the number of cooperatives' shareholders grew. The campaigns of reducing prices, cutting down expenses etc., carried out by the initiative of the party and state bodies, decreased profits of cooperatives. Within transfer to forced industrialization (1928-1929) the conditions of consumer cooperation's functioning changed: the state's crediting harshly reduced, cooperatives had to work relying mainly on their own resources coming from trade profit as well as shares, investments and prepayments of cooperative societies' members. Moreover, the cooperatives were charged with a serious task to replace private merchants, whom the Soviet state attacked determinedly. The urban and labour cooperation could not perform this task completely because of lack of money for creating new trading points, bureaucratism, and lack of mobility and flexibility of the cooperative machinery. As a result, the trading deserts appeared, which were areas where private trader cut down its business while cooperation didn't create a trade network. Hardship with grain procurements that appeared in 1927-1928, repeated in 1928-1929, which led to irregularity in population supplying with food. In the circumstances the consumer cooperation had to convert to rationing of delivery of foodstuffs first bread, then cereals, sugar, butter, meat etc. In 1928/1929 economic year rationing and card supply included all main foodstuffs. A similar process took place with manufactured goods. The first five-year plan gave preference to the development of heavy industry while production of commodities was financed residually. Besides, large amounts of goods were sent to the countryside in order to stimulate the peasants to hand in bread. All this determined critical deficiency of manufactured goods, which came to be given out in accordance with orders and coupons. Thus trade was replaced with distribution of class character. Labour possessed the top priority of being supplied while alien elements were excluded from the victual lists. The consumer cooperation was converted into the distributive machinery in the state hands as it used to be in the military communism time.
В статье дается политико-правовая характеристика выборов главы администрации (высшего должностного лица, губернатора) Тамбовской области, проведенных в 1995, 1999 и 2003 гг. Анализируются ход и итоги этих избирательных кампаний. ; Political and legislative characteristics of the elections of the head of the administration of Tambov region held in 1995, 1999 and 2003 are given in this аrticle. The course and results of the elective companies are analyzed.
В статье дается политико-правовая характеристика выборов высших должностных лиц (губернаторов, глав исполнительной власти) субъектов Российской Федерации, проведенных в 1991-2004 гг. ; In this аrticle political and legislative characteristics of elections of governors (head of the executive power of the region) of subjects of Russian Federation held in 1991-2004 are given.
Рассматривается деятельность городской и рабочей потребительской кооперации Сибири по развитию системы общественного питания в годы нэпа. В первой половине 1920-х гг. сеть предприятий общественного питания городской и рабочей потребительской кооперации была малочисленной. С переходом к индустриализации произошел резкий рост числа кооперативных столовых, чайных и буфетов. В конце 1920-х гг. городская и рабочая потребительская кооперация Сибири стала занимать лидирующие позиции в данной отрасли. ; In the article the activity of urban and labour consumer cooperation of Siberia in the development of catering in the New Economic Policy time is revealed. As early as in the time of military communism a big number of dining rooms were brought under the jurisdiction of urban and labour cooperatives. Usually they were situated in maladjusted places, possessed outmoded facilities, did not comply with the hygiene and sanitary norms and belonged to amateur enterprises. Lunches in the most part of dining rooms were not remarkable for high calories content providing the physiological norm of survival only. But for the most part of visitors this was the only opportunity to get hot meal in the conditions of hunger. Thus, the system of catering of urban and labour consumer cooperation fulfilled an important social function. The successes in the recovery of economy in 1923-1925, cancellation of obligatory membership in the cooperation, strong competition with private capital contributed to the decrease of number of cooperative catering enterprises. Besides, the directive bodies insisted on the concentration of consumer cooperation's basic efforts on the development of trade activity. In the circumstances those enterprises endured that were able to arrange profitable activity. With transfer to industrialization and necessity of involving women in commercial production, in late 1920s fundamental changes in the numerical growth of catering enterprises in Siberia occurred. Having no proper experience in organizing and running a network of dining rooms, tearooms and buffets, constantly lacking money for this purpose, the consumer cooperation of Siberia managed to take the lead in this field. It is significant that rapid growth of catering enterprises became possible due to raising money from different sources: plant facilities granted it from investment funds, trade unions used the funds of life improvement, the Soviet granted money from the local budget and government from the state budget. As to the profitable activity of catering enterprises, it depended on market, as well as on professional skills of workers and their ability to organize profitable manufacture. Besides, cooperation dependent on state carried out a policy of low price that essentially effected the revenue position of cooperative societies both from trade and catering enterprises
Анализируется становление и развитие регионального законодательства, регулирующего проведение выборов законодательного (представительного) органа государственной власти субъекта Российской Федерации Тамбовской областной думы, в 1994-2008 гг. Исследуются вопросы эволюции региональной (областной) избирательной системы от первых выборов областной Думы 27 марта 1994 г. по мажоритарной системе до современной смешанной (мажоритарно-пропорциональной) модели. ; The establishment and development of the regional electoral law regulating the elections of the legislative (representative) governmental authority of the territorial subject of Russian Federation Tambov regional Duma in 1994 2008 is analyzed. The questions of the regional electoral system evolution since the first elections on the 27 of March 1994 held using the majority system up to the modern mixed (majority-proportional) model are examined.
В статье исследуются политико-правовые аспекты развития института губернаторства в России в ХVIII начале ХХ в. Анализируются проблемы функционирования института губернаторства в контексте реформ местного самоуправления в России в этот период ; The article investigates political and legаl aspects of the development of the governor institute in Russia of the ХIХ the beginning of the ХХ centuries are investigated in the article. The problems of the functioning of the governor institute are analyzed in the context of the reforms of the local governing in Russia.
Рассматривается развитие советского кооперативного законодательства в области регулирования деятельности городской и рабочей потребительской кооперации в Советской России. Анализируются правовые основы функционирования городских и рабочих потребительских кооперативов в начальный период советской власти, годы «военного коммунизма» и новой экономической политики. ; In the article the development of Soviet cooperative legislation regulating the activity of urban and labour consumer cooperation is described. The legal base of urban and labour co-operatives functioning is analysed during the initial period of the Soviet regime, the years of "military communism" and during the new economic policy period.
Рассмотрена ситуация в городской кооперации Сибири начала 1920-х гг., когда большевики активно вытесняли представителей других политических сил из организаций. ; The article analyzes the situation in the urban cooperatives of Siberia in the early 1920s when the Bolsheviks were active in ousting the representatives of other political forces from organizations.
Актуализируется роль гражданского воспитания для современного поликультурного общества. На примере России и США авторы показывают, что гражданское воспитание становится важным направлением образовательной политики демократического государства.There is actualized the role of civil education for the modern polycultural society. By the example of Russia and the USA there is shown that civil education is becoming an important direction of the educational policy of a democratic state.
