Suchergebnisse

Problems of formation and development of Ukraine as a democratic and social state of law is one of the urgent problems. The process of creation of the state in Ukraine on democratic principles is happening, but it goes quite difficult, due to the transitional phase of development of the Ukrainian state and society, the lack of a clear strategy for the creation of the state.The specifics of the present stage of the creation of the state of Ukraine is the need for the democratization of social relations, optimization of relations of the state and the citizen. However, state institutions are not yet ready for partnership with a man and a citizen. Personality is not considered by the state as an active subject of political and legal process, and as an object of influence on it by the state.In order to minimize the negative consequences of statehood in the period of transformation of the Ukrainian society, you must clearly understand democracy as a particular social system. Therefore, the concept of research is important in the consideration of essential level of democracy. Democracy as a social system must be considered in comparison with the totalitarian system, which will allow a deeper understanding of the essential features of the transformation period, which is our country.In the article the comparative analysis of democracy and totalitarianism as a social system. Highlighted the essential features of social systems: the nature of the interaction between the ruling elite and society, the way to the emergence of the social system, the principle of organization of the social system, the nature of the relationship with the external environment, the nature of the social system, the nature of the relationship of internal elements, the prevailing state of social relations, and others.It is proved that the social system of a democratic society is characterized by the dominance of liberal governance, self­organization, pluralism, transparency, non­linearity and dynamic, different directional conflict, the prevalence of such methods of conflict resolution as a compromise, consensus and others. For a totalitarian social system characterized by: the prevalence of extreme authoritarianism, monism, linearity and balance, rigidity, pseudo­harmony, the suppression of conflict by means of terror and others.Comparative analysis of the demographic and social system of totalitarianism allows you to clearly understand the differences between them and to identify targets that need to be guided in the process of reforming the political, economic and spiritual systems of the Ukrainian society, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. ; Осуществлен сравнительный анализ демократии и тоталитаризма как социальных систем. Выделяются такие сущностные черты социальных систем: характер взаимодействия между правящей элитой и обществом, способ возникновения социальной системы, принцип организации социальной системы, характер взаимосвязей социальной системы с внешней средой, характер развития социальной системы, характер взаимосвязей внутренних элементов, преобладающее состояние социальных отношений и др. ; Проведено порівняльний аналіз демократії і тоталітаризму як соціальних систем. Виокремлюються такі сутнісні риси соціальних систем: характер взаємодії між правлячою елітою та суспільством, спосіб виникнення соціальної системи, принцип організації соціальної системи, характер взаємозв'язків соціальної системи із зовнішнім середовищем, характер розвитку соціальної системи, характер взаємозв'язків внутрішніх елементів, переважний стан соціальних відносин та ін.

Розглядаються основні теоретичні підходи до дослідження уявлень про соціальну гармонію і толерантність в історії філософії. Аналізується сутність гармонії як стану протиріччя. Констатується, що гармонія соціальної системи – це така форма розвитку протиріч у ній, яка припускає взаємне зміцнення і взаємний розвиток її суб'єктів, оптимальні терміни, форми і методи врегулювання цих протиріч. Робиться висновок, що у транзитивних соціальних системах досягнення соціальної гармонії і толерантності є стратегічною метою їх перетворень. ; Рассматриваются основные теоретические подходы к исследованию представлений о социальной гармонии и толерантности в истории философии. Анализируется сущность гармонии как состояния противоречия. Констатируется, что гармония социальной системы – это такая форма развития противоречий в ней, которая предполагает взаимное укрепление и взаимное развитие ее субъектов, оптимальные сроки, формы и методы регулирования этих противоречий. Делается вывод, что в транзитивных социальных системах достижение социальной гармонии и толерантности является стратегической целью их преобразований. ; The article deals with the main theoretical approaches to the study of concepts of social harmony and tolerance in the history of philosophy. The essence of harmony as a form of development (or state) of contradictions is analyzed. It is concluded, that social systems are in a state of harmony, if they have the following characteristic features. Firstly, in a state of harmony in the social system, the development of its elements becomes a condition of development of the system. At the level of everyday consciousness this interaction is expressed in the concepts of «union», «integration», «assistance», «mutual», «stability», and others. Secondly, among the social systems the harmonious systems are those in which the mutual compliance with the fundamental interests of the subjects is dominated. The third characteristic of the harmony of the social system is the presence of cooperative relationships in it. Fourth, the harmonious development of the social system does not mean that it has been developing without contradictions. Any harmony is contradictory by itself. Harmony can be represented as a unity of opposites, but a special kind of opposites. Fifth, the harmonious development of the social system excludes violence as a way of resolving contradictions. It is stated that the harmony of the social system is a form of contradictions in it, which implies mutual strengthening and mutual development of its subjects, the optimal timing, forms and methods of control of these contradictions. It is concluded that the transitive social systems form a strategic objective of their reforms as the achievement of the social harmony and tolerance.

Рассмотрены предпосылки формирования демократического правосознания в трансформационном обществе. Сделан вывод, что демократическое правосознание представляет собой сложную систему констант или правовых смыслов. На интерсубъективном уровне это установка на взаимное признание субъектами демократической коммуникации как первичного условия любых дискурсивных практик, в ходе которых и формируется общественное правосознание. На уровне отдельного субъекта это система принципов или правовых ценностей. ; The article considers the preconditions of formation of democratic legal consciousness in a transformative society. The conclusion is that the democratic sense of justice is a complex system of constants or legal meanings. The intersubjective level it is set on the mutual recognition of the subjects of democratic communication as a primary condition for any discursive practices, in the course of which formed the public sense of justice. At the level of an individual subject of a system of principles or legal values.

Посвящено выявлению в структуре правосознания специфических констант, характеризующих его как демократическое, на основе коммуникативно-дискурсивного взгляда на правовую реальность и базовых допущений, на которых основано понимание демократии в рамках теории дискурса. В качестве таких констант рассматриваются: открытость, способность к рациональной аргументации, заинтересованность в разрешении конфликтов дискурсивным путем, детерминация будущим и осознание ответственности за собственное место в практическом дискурсе. ; The article is devoted to the detection of specific characteristics of the legal awareness defined it as democratic within the communicative-discursive approach to the comprehension of legal reality and the understanding of democracy based on the theory of discourse. These characteristics are openness, the capacity of rational argumentation, the interest in the settlement of conflicts in discursive way, determination by future and awareness of the responsibility.

Проанализирован опыт усовершенствования политической системы ФРГ, которая за определенными ключевыми характеристиками сходная с Украиной. Проанализирован исторический опыт создания единой немецкой государственности, который является чрезвычайно важным для стран, находящихся на этапе перехода от тоталитаризма к демократии. ; Experience of improvement of the political system of FRG which after certain key descriptions alike with Ukraine is analyzed. Historical experience of creation of the single German state system, which is extraordinarily important for countries being in the transitional state from totalitarianism to democracy, is analyzed.

Проанализирован опыт усовершенствования политической системы ФРГ, которая за определенными ключевыми характеристиками сходная с Украиной. Проанализирован исторический опыт создания единой немецкой государственности, который является чрезвычайно важным для стран, находящихся на этапе перехода от тоталитаризма к демократии. ; Experience of improvement of the political system of FRG which after certain key descriptions alike with Ukraine is analyzed. Historical experience of creation of the single German state system, which is extraordinarily important for countries being in the transitional state from totalitarianism to democracy, is analyzed.

У статті обґрунтовується, що гарантії прав і свобод людини щодо інформаційної сфери належать до найважливіших засад формування правової держави та громадянського суспільства. Показано, що право є засобом, який за допомогою спеціальних правових методів дозволяє реалізувати інформаційну свободу людини. Будучи породженням і результатом природного розвитку всього суспільства, право повинно враховувати інтереси як усього суспільства, так і індивіда. Право надає людині низку можливостей, скориставшись якими, вона зможе реалізувати притаманну їй інформаційну свободу. ; В статье обосновывается, что гарантии прав и свобод человека касательно информационной сферы относятся к числу важнейших принципов формирования правового государства и гражданского общества. Показано, что право является средством, позволяющим с помощью специальных правовых методов реализовать информационную свободу человека. Будучи порождением и результатом естественного развития всего общества, право должно учитывать интересы как всего общества, так и индивида. Право дает человеку ряд возможностей, воспользовавшись которыми, она сможет реализовать присущую ей информационную свободу. ; In the article grounded, that the guarantees of rights and freedoms of man in relation to an informative sphere belong to major principles of forming of the legal state and civil society. These rights are included to the effective mechanism of state administration in democratic society. It determines providing of protection of rights and freedoms of man in an informative sphere one of major aims of informative safety, and man – by the most important her object. The effective providing of rights, freedoms and legal interests of citizens can be a due only at terms, when structure, the forms of activity, style of labor, attitude toward a man will be optimal in the plan of feeling and rapid reacting on any negative moments that restrain in that or other case practical realization of rights and freedoms, and also legal interests of members of society.It is shown that rights and freedoms of man and citizen were a basic slogan and most achievement of any known revolutions and wars. Close intercommunication of information, freedom, justice and right is educed a long ago, not by chance as early as VIII B. C. there were norms that regulated informative activity of man. In connection with development of society on the basis of technical progress there was intensive development of sphere of informative activity of man. Technogenic development entailed formation of new type of society – informative that entailed the selection of the special type of freedom of man – informative freedom and special class of rights – informative.Grounded, that an exceptional role informative freedom is played by informative human rights. Setting interdependence of the proper and possible behavior, unity and equality of mutual rights and duties, right, outlining the limits of freedom, comes forward as positive existence of freedom, that eliminates an arbitrariness, self-will, oppression of personality.It is shown that a right is means that by means of the special legal methods allows to realize informative freedom of man. Being a generation and result of natural development of all society, a right must take into account interests of both all society and individual. A right gives the row of possibilities to the man, taking advantage of that she will be able to realize inherent to her informative freedom. Informative human rights consist of different complex of norms, that differ in the legal force, territory of action, by normativeness and others like that.Attention is accented on that informative rights regulate informative processes in spheres, that is not well-regulated other rights that regulate information. Informative rights are organically included in the structure of other rights and freedoms, put in order informative processes. But at the use of all rights that behave to the questions of informing of man, it is necessary, foremost, to be oriented on principles of informative freedom of man, that occupies a main place and sets principles of exercising right, that behave to the informative processes.It is marked that as informative freedom predetermines totality of certain possibilities of absolute law, informative rights, then exactly about informative freedom it follows to conduct speech in modern society, from positions of informative freedom it follows to study and interpret informative human rights In an informative right a decision accent is done on information, thus regardless of who owns her, produces, translates and others like that. At research of informative freedom of man confesses that key functions belong to exactly freedom, but not information, although information and is the constituent of informative freedom.It is shown that informative freedom limits the activity sent to keeping order; in some cases of state secret; information about an ecological situation. It allows at the level of the state to conduct limitation of informative freedom in a greater degree, than it is assumed in accordance with Convention about the protection of human rights and basic freedoms.A thesis is grounded, that realization of informative freedom is built not only by introduction of restrictive measures. Important is a guard function right, assuredness of defense of informative freedom, thus both self-defense and guard of informative freedom by means of the state.

У статті обґрунтовується, що гарантії прав і свобод людини щодо інформаційної сфери належать до найважливіших засад формування правової держави та громадянського суспільства. Показано, що право є засобом, який за допомогою спеціальних правових методів дозволяє реалізувати інформаційну свободу людини. Будучи породженням і результатом природного розвитку всього суспільства, право повинно враховувати інтереси як усього суспільства, так і індивіда. Право надає людині низку можливостей, скориставшись якими, вона зможе реалізувати притаманну їй інформаційну свободу. ; В статье обосновывается, что гарантии прав и свобод человека касательно информационной сферы относятся к числу важнейших принципов формирования правового государства и гражданского общества. Показано, что право является средством, позволяющим с помощью специальных правовых методов реализовать информационную свободу человека. Будучи порождением и результатом естественного развития всего общества, право должно учитывать интересы как всего общества, так и индивида. Право дает человеку ряд возможностей, воспользовавшись которыми, она сможет реализовать присущую ей информационную свободу. ; In the article grounded, that the guarantees of rights and freedoms of man in relation to an informative sphere belong to major principles of forming of the legal state and civil society. These rights are included to the effective mechanism of state administration in democratic society. It determines providing of protection of rights and freedoms of man in an informative sphere one of major aims of informative safety, and man – by the most important her object. The effective providing of rights, freedoms and legal interests of citizens can be a due only at terms, when structure, the forms of activity, style of labor, attitude toward a man will be optimal in the plan of feeling and rapid reacting on any negative moments that restrain in that or other case practical realization of rights and freedoms, and also legal interests of members of society.It is shown that rights and freedoms of man and citizen were a basic slogan and most achievement of any known revolutions and wars. Close intercommunication of information, freedom, justice and right is educed a long ago, not by chance as early as VIII B. C. there were norms that regulated informative activity of man. In connection with development of society on the basis of technical progress there was intensive development of sphere of informative activity of man. Technogenic development entailed formation of new type of society – informative that entailed the selection of the special type of freedom of man – informative freedom and special class of rights – informative.Grounded, that an exceptional role informative freedom is played by informative human rights. Setting interdependence of the proper and possible behavior, unity and equality of mutual rights and duties, right, outlining the limits of freedom, comes forward as positive existence of freedom, that eliminates an arbitrariness, self-will, oppression of personality.It is shown that a right is means that by means of the special legal methods allows to realize informative freedom of man. Being a generation and result of natural development of all society, a right must take into account interests of both all society and individual. A right gives the row of possibilities to the man, taking advantage of that she will be able to realize inherent to her informative freedom. Informative human rights consist of different complex of norms, that differ in the legal force, territory of action, by normativeness and others like that.Attention is accented on that informative rights regulate informative processes in spheres, that is not well-regulated other rights that regulate information. Informative rights are organically included in the structure of other rights and freedoms, put in order informative processes. But at the use of all rights that behave to the questions of informing of man, it is necessary, foremost, to be oriented on principles of informative freedom of man, that occupies a main place and sets principles of exercising right, that behave to the informative processes.It is marked that as informative freedom predetermines totality of certain possibilities of absolute law, informative rights, then exactly about informative freedom it follows to conduct speech in modern society, from positions of informative freedom it follows to study and interpret informative human rights In an informative right a decision accent is done on information, thus regardless of who owns her, produces, translates and others like that. At research of informative freedom of man confesses that key functions belong to exactly freedom, but not information, although information and is the constituent of informative freedom.It is shown that informative freedom limits the activity sent to keeping order; in some cases of state secret; information about an ecological situation. It allows at the level of the state to conduct limitation of informative freedom in a greater degree, than it is assumed in accordance with Convention about the protection of human rights and basic freedoms.A thesis is grounded, that realization of informative freedom is built not only by introduction of restrictive measures. Important is a guard function right, assuredness of defense of informative freedom, thus both self-defense and guard of informative freedom by means of the state.