В статье рассматривается деятельность советского историка Н. В. Устюгова (1896/97-1963) в период Великой Отечественной войны. Характеризуются боевой путь Устюгова и его военная карьера. Отмечается, что одной из основных сфер деятельности специалистов-историков в годы войны стала агитационно-пропагандистская работа. Показывается, что лекции, проводившиеся Устюговым для бойцов Красной армии, выходили за рамки простой военной пропаганды и носили просветительский характер. Отмечается, что многолетний отрыв от исследовательской работы не прервал научно-педагогической деятельности Устюгова. Он сохранял живой интерес к исторической науке и продолжал обсуждать научные проблемы в переписке с учениками и коллегами и при личных встречах с ними во время коротких визитов в Москву. Поддержание тесной связи с коллегами, остававшимися в тылу, помогло ему сразу после возвращения с фронта активно включиться в работу научного сообщества советских учёных-историков. ; The article devoted to activites of soviet historian N. V. Ustjugov during the Great Patriotic war. It characterizes N. V. Ustjugov's operational record and his military career. The article notes that one of the main fields of activity of historians during the war was the agitation and propaganda. It demonstrates that Ustjugov's lectures were not mere propaganda, and wore educational nature. The article notes that forced separation from the research did not interrupt Ustjugov's scientific thinking and teaching. He maintained an active interest in history and went on to discuss the scientific issues with friends and colleagues in the letters and shorter meetings. Liaising with colleagues in the rear helped him actively involved in the work of the scientific community of historians immediately after returning from the front.
Статья посвящена участию выдающегося специалиста по истории Башкирии XVII-XVIII вв. Н.В. Устюгова в заседании Башкирской комиссии Института истории АН СССР 4-7 февраля 1946 г. Рассматривается его роль в подготовке «Очерков истории Башкирии», пересмотр которых в соответствии с новыми идеологическими требованиями являлся целью данного совещания. Анализируются выступление Устюгова с критикой подготовленной редакции «Очерков» и его участие в обсуждении их нового варианта, позволяющие выявить его взгляды на башкирскую историю. Рассматривается доклад Н.В. Устюгова об оценке башкирских восстаний XVII в., являвшийся попыткой использовать идеологические перемены для продвижения своих взглядов на характер данного исторического явления. Выявляются причины, не позволившие Устюгову добиться поддержки своих взглядов со стороны других участников данного совещания. ; Professor of the Moscow State Institute for History and Archives (MGIAI) Nikolay Vladimirovich Ustyugov (1896/97-1963) was one of the famous specialists in the Bashkir History of the 17th-18th cc. The article is devoted to the participation of N.V. Ustyugov in the meeting of the Bashkir Committee of the Institute of History, USSR AS, on 4-7 February 1946. The committee was established at the Institute of History in 1945 for the revision of Ocherki po istorii Bashkirii [Essays on the History of Bashkortostan] under the new ideological demands. Preparation of Ocherki began at the Institute of History in the 1930s when the Bashkirs were proclaimed victims of the Russian colonial policy, and Bashkir rebellions were called manifestations of revolutionary struggle. During the Great Patriotic War, there was a revision of the ideological valuations of history of the peoples of the USSR. Since then, a joint struggle of the Russians and Bashkirs against external enemies was emphasized. In 1945, the first edition of Ocherki was criticized by the Central Committee. To satisfy the criticism of the Central Committee, the Bashkir Committee meeting was convened on 4-7 February 1946. On the first day of the meeting, Ustyugov voiced critical remarks made in the text of the first edition of Ocherki by the Bashkir Committee. Some of the remarks were consistent with the criticism of the Central Committee, for example, the selection of Bashkir nationalism as the main flaw in the first edition. His other remarks opposed the official ideology, for example, he emphasized the differences between the supporters of Kolchak and the representatives of the democratic counter-revolution. The following two days of the meeting were devoted to the issue of the revision of Ocherki. In discussing this issue, Ustyugov was entrusted to revisit chapters on the Bashkir rebellions of the 17th c. and 1737-1739. Work on them allowed him to create the concept "free vassalage" that explained the Bashkir rebellions with the social-cultural characteristics of the Bashkir nobility. On the last day of the meeting Ustyugov read a report on the assessment of the Bashkir rebellions of the 17th c. He stated that these rebellions were reactionary movements. They could not bring liberation to the Bashkirs, and their victory result would have been submission of the Bashkirs to Siberian princes or to the Kalmyks. Ustyugov tried to use the ideological changes to promote his views on the nature of the Bashkir rebellions. But other participants of the meeting did not support him and stated that the orator fell into the other extreme, and changed the glorification of the Bashkir rebellions by their total dispraise. The idea of the reactionary nature of the Bashkir rebellions confirmed in Soviet historiography in the early 1950s, but it was connected with the amplification of the ideological pressure on science which forced Ustyugov to renounce the most striking aspects of his concept of the Bashkir rebellions.
