Suchergebnisse

Статья посвящена историографическому анализу изучения реформы управления промышленностью, которая была начата по инициативе Н. Хрущева в 1957 г. с целью перехода от отраслевого принципа руководства экономикой через министерства к территориальной системе управления через советы народного хозяйства. Отмечено, что в современной украинской и российской научной литературе не сложилась однозначная оценка опыта регионализации управления промышленностью. Наблюдается довольно широкий набор рассуждений от полного отрицания реформы к сплошной ее апологии. ; The article is concerned with historiographical analysis of the research of the reform of management of industry launched at M. Khrushchev's initiative in 1957 for the purpose of switching from the field-based principle of managing the economy through the ministries to the territorial system through the Regional Economic Councils. It is possible to distinguish between four periods of accumulating historical knowledge of the reform of management of industry by the Soviet humanities: the first period since the beginning of the research in the late 1950s till M. Khrushchev's demise; the second period -since the mid 1960s till the late 1980s; the third period since the late 1980s till the early 1990s; the fourth period which began in 1991and is going on nowadays. The research of the first period concerned with the aforementioned transformation is distinguished by being appreciably obsolete. In the second period the research was rapidly developing due to the voluntarism with which Brezhnev's government was challenging most of M. Khrushchev's reforms. Since the beginning of the third period this novation was rejected as an absolutely administrative one. In the fourth period the research of the Regional Economic Councils was slowly developing in two independent fields, such as research of the economic policy and research of the Regional Economic Councils as territorial agencies of management of industry. During the third and the fourth periods the research of the reformation of the management system undergoes influence of western researchers' observations, including the observations presented by emigrants from Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora (Y. Bilinsky, B. Vynar I. Maistrenko, G. Boffa, A. Katsenelinboigen, N. Werth, G. Hosking). Foreign scientists were the first to see M. Khrushchev's desire to gain support of the regions in order to undercut the ministries' influence along with the desire to resolve the economic problems. A characteristic feature of the fourth period was the advent of the memoirs by representatives of the Ukrainian republican political and governmental establishment, such as O. Liashko and I. Pogribniak which are distinguished by viewing the reformation carried out in M. Khrushchev's epoch from the view point of the Ukrainian interests. It is noteworthy that there is no unambiguous evaluation of the experience of the regional industry in Ukrainian (O. Voroshylov, P. Gordiienko, V. Baran, V. Danylenko, O. Danylin, A. Sarzhan, O. Garmash, L. Krutova, O. Reshetniak, A. Buzhdezhan) and Russian (I. Blagykh, O. Leibovych, V. Shestakov) scientific literature of the fourth historiographical period. Rather a wide range of observations is observed: from challenging the very fact of the reform to considering it to be an absolute apology.