Suchergebnisse

Впервые на основе различных архивных данных и других источников воссоздана деятельность второго таврического гражданского губернатора Д.Б. Мертваго. Рассмотрена его работа в качестве председателя Комиссии по разрешению земельных споров и Крымской соляной части. ; Studying experience in managing administrative and territorial units of centralized ethnically non-homogenous territorial and political systems (Empires) is of interest for the historians, political analysts and the administrators not only theoretically but also in practical terms. One of the most effective approaches to such investigations is prosopographic one, especially when it is used for studying early nineteenth-century administration elite in such frontier region recently joined the Russian Empire, as Crimea. This approach is important to understanding principles applied in imperial regional and public administration. My article is a brief prosopographyc essay on the second civil Taurida governor Dmitry Mertvago's public administration and social activity. Thanks to his connections with eminent statesmen of Catherine''s era and the reign of Paul I, Dmitry Mertvago became significant administrative figure in Crimea and one of the most prominent government officials in the history of this region. Using archive sources and narrative analysis, I have analyzed Mertvago's work as both founder of Crimean Winemaking Training School of and Head of Commission for Settlement of Land Disputes and Crimean Salt Expedition. So, I show that, on the one hand, the main purpose of the Dmitry Mertvago' activities in all his various administrative capacities was the task of social-political unification of the region as part of the Russian Empire. In this regard, Taurida Governor was a true son of his epoch, and even outpaced it. Thus, Dmitry Mertvago became a kind of anti-crisis manager and a fighter against corruption in the affairs of Commission for Settlement of Land Disputes and Crimean Salt Expedition. Moreover, Taurida governor created his own project for colonization of Crimea with attraction both potential faithful subjects and perspective taxpayers, including ethnic groups such as Greeks and Armenians (with simultaneous eviction of unpromising economically, socially dangerous and declassed residents). In the years of threat of war with Napoleon, and the next Russian-Turkish war, he was able to organize Crimean Tatar cavalry divisions, devotees of Russia and its Emperor, and he tried to form genuinely functioning Taurida Spiritual Muslim Directorate. On the other hand, Dmitry Mertvago's methods of governance and administrative practices belonged to the recent past of the 18th century and to a large extent were based on personal and estate-corporate relations. I conclude Mertvago's work as a civil Taurida governor is an example of the work of the official-reformer of the early 19th century. He, who has obtain operating control over the province in 'zero' state, for a short period of time managed to lay the foundations for the future prosperity of the region. This speaks in favor of the effectiveness of such type of governance in Russia, perhaps, not only at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, but also on each turn of epochs in the border areas.

Восстановлена биография государственного деятеля первой половины XIX в. Д.В. Нарышкина. Рассмотрена его роль в работе органов управления Таврической губернии. Изучены особенности взаимодействия Д.В. Нарышкина и М.С. Воронцова, показана степень воздействия новороссийского генерал губернатора на повседневные административные практики в Таврической губернии. ; Personality of government official from among top executives significantly affects the character of his administrative strategies, especially in Russia. That's why biographies of Russian governors of the past are of great scientific interest. Political biographies of Taurida governors in the period when this governorate itself was very recently established are of particular interest to both historians and political scientists. The subject matter of our article is biography of a statesman Dmitry Naryshkin, who was Taurida governor in the first half of the 19th c., his relationship with his cousin, patron and immediate superior in the administrative hierarchy of the Russian Empire Count Mikhail Vorontsov. So, in our article, using source analysis and prosopologic approach, we trace both early stages of Dmitry Naryskin's career and the characteristic features of his activities as Taurida governor. During this period, Count Mikhail Vorontsov, who was Novorossiya Governor-General, played the main role in region governance. All Naryshkin's administrative decisions were made only after consultation with Vorontsov. So, Taurida governor was only the administrant of Vorontsov's projects and plans, and rarely showed his own initiative. Nevertheless, during Dmitry Naryshkin's governorship, Simferopol became a true center of the province, and the challenging bit of road between Simferopol and Alushta was constructed. Based on archival documents and memoirs of contemporaries, we conclude that Dmitry Naryshkin was feckless administrator, but Mikhail Vorontsov's attention to Taurida Governorate contributed to the stable development of the region.