Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the development of the institute of presidency through the prism of state-power relations, the electoral process and political transformations in the Slovak Republic. Noted that the process of democratic transformations in the Slovak Republic is closely linked to the development of the institute of presidency, which occupies a special place in the system of power relations.President of Slovakia has weak constitutional competences and his role includes mainly formal and representative functions. But the president's power manifests itself in the political practice, which M. Kovac, R. Schuster, I. Gasparovich, A. Kiska repeatedly testified to their activities.It is concluded that in the constitution 1992 many provisions were formulated vaguely and provoked institutional conflicts. Constitutional amendments (1999, 2001) partly reinstated the institutional balance in the system of power relations. Slovakia is dynamically reacting to political crises and is looking for the possibility of constitutionally improving the institution of the presidency.Special attention is given to the position of the president vis-a-vis the prime minister and the cabinet. All directly elected presidents in Slovakia have had occasional political conflicts with the government. However, the two disputing sides never escalated their conflicts in the manner characteristic of the period from 1994– 1998. During the period of 1994–1998, the relations between government and the opposition have always been strained during the whole period in consequence of concentration of power by the ruling coalition at the head of Meciar, oppression and restriction of parliamental oppositional actions and the president of Slovakia.The author comes to the conclusion, that the institution of presidency played an important role in the democratic transformation, legitimation and institutional consolidation of the political system in the Slovak Republic. ; У статті проаналізовано розвиток інституту президента крізь призму динаміки державно-владних відносин, електорального процесу і політичних трансформацій в Словацькій Республіці. Зроблено висновок, що в Конституції 1992 р. містилось чимало нечітких положень, які спровокували інституційні конфлікти. Конституційні зміни у 1999, 2001 рр. частково відновили інституційну рівновагу в системі владних відносин. Особлива увага приділяється аналізу позиції президента щодо прем'єр мністра та уряду.

The main forms, institutional mechanisms and problems of the implementation of direct democracy in Slovak Republic are analyzed in the article. The Constitution establishes the following forms of direct democracy in Slovakia: referendums, petition campaigns and the removal of the President from office (national level); community gathering, local referendum and regional referendum (level of territorial self-government).The main focus is on the peculiarities of constitutional regulation and the political functioning of the referendum. The referendum is held in Slovak Republic at national, regional and local level. The experience of holding the Slovak referendums testifies to the low turnout of citizens. In 1993-2015, there were eight national referendums, but only one in 2003 was recognized as validKey issues, which essentially complicate the procedure of the referendum conducting, have been determined. It is concluded that the referendum institute in Slovak Republic has often been used to achieve narrow political goals. The politicization of the referendum is connected with the political parties, the struggle between the authorities and the opposition.The article shows the reasons for the lack of interest of citizens in implementing the mechanisms of direct democracy in Slovak Republic.Development of direct democracy is considered as a key prerequisite for further democratization of Slovakia's political system. The need to improve the legal regulation of direct democracy and referendums in Slovak Republic is also stressed in the article. ; У статті проаналізовано основні форми, інституційні механізми і проблеми реалізації прямої демократії в Словацькій Республіці. Основна увага зосереджена на особливостях конституційного регулювання та політичного функціонування інституту референдуму. Зроблено висновок, що інститут референдуму в Словаччині часто використовувався для досягнення політичних цілей. Політизація референдуму пов'язана з партіями, боротьбою між владою і опозицією. Акентовано увагу на причинах слабкого зацікавлення громадян в реалізації механізмів прямої демократії в Словацькій Республіці.

The institutional, legal, organizational, financial conditions of functioning of civil society in the Slovak Republic are highlighted in the article.The author focuses on the peculiarities of the activities of non-governmental organizations. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of non-governmental organizations are analyzed.The problematic aspects of functioning of civil society in modern Slovakia are singled out: imperfect legal regulation of the activities of non-governmental organizations; unfinished construction of an institu- tional mechanism for interaction with the state; weak integration of the non-governmental sector into the system of decision-making; fragmentation of non-governmental organizations; limited financial resources and instability of the activities of civic organizations; growing distrust of the political elite, parties and mech- anisms of democracy; increase of political apathy of citizens; reduction of civic participation; activization of subjects of uncivil society (radicals and extremists).Relations between the government and the third sector in Slovak Republic were difficult for different approaches of the ruling coalition to cooperate with public organizations. The role of non-governmental organizations in the struggle against authoritarian tendencies in 1994-1998 was emphasized.The attention is focused on the negative trends of social development in Slovakia that require the attention of the state and civil society. ; У статті висвітлено інституційно-правові, організаційні, фінансові умови функціонування громадянського суспільства в Словацькій Республіці. Основна увага зосереджена на особливостях діяльності неурядових організацій. Виокремлено проблемні аспекти функціонування громадянського суспільства в сучасній Словаччині. Наголошено на негативних тенденціях суспільного розвитку в Словаччині, які вимагають уваги держави та громадянського суспільства.

The institutional, legal, organizational, financial conditions of functioning of civil society in the Slovak Republic are highlighted in the article.The author focuses on the peculiarities of the activities of non-governmental organizations. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of non-governmental organizations are analyzed.The problematic aspects of functioning of civil society in modern Slovakia are singled out: imperfect legal regulation of the activities of non-governmental organizations; unfinished construction of an institu- tional mechanism for interaction with the state; weak integration of the non-governmental sector into the system of decision-making; fragmentation of non-governmental organizations; limited financial resources and instability of the activities of civic organizations; growing distrust of the political elite, parties and mech- anisms of democracy; increase of political apathy of citizens; reduction of civic participation; activization of subjects of uncivil society (radicals and extremists).Relations between the government and the third sector in Slovak Republic were difficult for different approaches of the ruling coalition to cooperate with public organizations. The role of non-governmental organizations in the struggle against authoritarian tendencies in 1994-1998 was emphasized.The attention is focused on the negative trends of social development in Slovakia that require the attention of the state and civil society. ; У статті висвітлено інституційно-правові, організаційні, фінансові умови функціонування громадянського суспільства в Словацькій Республіці. Основна увага зосереджена на особливостях діяльності неурядових організацій. Виокремлено проблемні аспекти функціонування громадянського суспільства в сучасній Словаччині. Наголошено на негативних тенденціях суспільного розвитку в Словаччині, які вимагають уваги держави та громадянського суспільства.