Suchergebnisse

В статье рассматривается один из аспектов истории российско-турецких отношений в указанный период. Автор отмечает, что их традиционная напряженность в это время только росла, в том числе за счет провокационной деятельности разведывательной агентуры Османской империи, которая активно использовала в целях антироссийской пропаганды «святые места» ислама в Туркестане как центры наибольшего скопления мусульман региона. ; The article deals with one of the aspects of the history of the Russian-Turkish relations in the period under consideration. The evidence suggests there was a high level of tension in the Russian-Turkish relations throughout its development. They often escalated into open military conflicts. The Russian penetration into Turkestan in the second half of the 19th century angered the Ottoman Empire's ruling circles and forced them to send their agents to the Caspian region. Russia's annexation of Central Asia by the 1860-1870s strengthened Turkey's anti-Russian policy. As a result, the number of Turkish agents increased in Russian Turkestan. The Ottoman Empire's intelligence service actively used the "holy places" of Islam in Turkestan as the centres of the largest concentration of Muslims of the region with the view of anti-Russian propaganda. Virtually all anti-Russian uprisings in the region began at the graves of Islamic "righteous." Despite serious countermeasures the tsarist authorities did not manage to eradicate the Turkish agents from the state and political life of the region and completely destroy all its subversive activities.

Статья посвящена анализу практической деятельности российских дипломатических служб за границей по регулированию паломничества мусульман как в Мекку (и Медину), так и к шиитским святыням в Персии и «Турецкой Аравии». ; The problem of the relationship between the Muslim pilgrimage and Russian diplomacy of the late 19th century is not represented in the national, and even less in foreign historiography. Meanwhile, diplomatic ensuring of pilgrimage is an important indicator of the state's attention to its citizens. The subject of my article is practical activities of the Russian diplomatic service in the East, which regulates the pilgrimage of Muslims to Mecca (and Medina), as well as to the Shiite shrines in Persia and 'Turkish Arabia' (Iraq). Using textological, historical and logical, and institutional approaches, I have shown diplomatic regulation of Russian Muslims pilgrimage was a part of Russian Empire overall foreign policy of the. In the last third of 19th early 20th cc. Russia brisked up its activities in the Muslim East, which was explained by the necessity to curb the onslaught of its main foreign-policy opponents in this region such as Turkey, the UK, and then Germany. Prevailing interests of this activity were trade and economic. Also epidemiologic aspect occupied a special place in Russian diplomacy's activity in relation to hajj. I had studied activities of Russian Consulate in Jeddah for pilgrims' daily welfare support, their protection against fraud and political oppression. I conclude tsarist diplomacy in the East was closely connected with the problems of Muslims pilgrimage, and it had a positive impact not only on the development of the hajj, but also on the strengthening Russian Empire's position in the Near-East Region.

Статья посвящена проблеме государственного регулирования хаджа паломничества в Мекку мусульман Русского Туркестана. На основании архивных и правовых документов автор показывает, что царская власть в этом регионе не запрещала исполнение ими такого важного исламского установления, как хадж. Она разумно регулировала его, учитывая совокупность политических и эпидемиологических обстоятельств на Ближнем Востоке. Автор отмечает, что мусульмане Русского Туркестана с пониманием относились к паломнической политике русских властей.The article is devoted to a problem of state regulation of the Hajj the pilgrimage of Muslims from Russian Turkestan to Mecca. On the basis of archival and legal documents the author shows, that the imperial authority in this region did not forbid execution by them of such important Islamic establishment as Hajj. Authority reasonably adjusted it, considering set of political and epidemiological circumstances in the Middle East. The author marks, that Muslims of Russian Turkestan treated with understanding to the pilgrim policy of Russian authorities.