Анализируются доктринальные толкования принудительных мер медицинского характера, которые даются учеными в научной и учебной литературе по уголовному праву, поскольку единое понимание юридической природы этих мер позволит установить факт окончания формирования института принудительных мер медицинского характера как состоявшегося института российского уголовного законодательства, а также выработать меры по совершенствованию уголовного закона, если эти толкования отличаются. ; The article analyses the doctrinal interpretation of coercive measures of medical nature that are given by the scientists in the scientific and educational literature on criminal law, as some common understanding of the legal nature of these measures will help to establish the fact of the termination of formation of Institute of coercive measures of medical nature, as held by the Russian Institute of penal legislation as well as to develop measures to improve the criminal law if these interpretations differ.
Анализируются доктринальные толкования принудительных мер медицинского характера, которые даются учеными в научной и учебной литературе по уголовному праву, поскольку единое понимание юридической природы этих мер позволит установить факт окончания формирования института принудительных мер медицинского характера, как состоявшегося института российского уголовного законодательства, а также выработать меры по совершенствованию уголовного закона, если эти толкования отличаются. ; Solution of problems of improvement of the Russian criminal legislation including validity of reference by the legislator of a certain legal phenomenon to the sphere of criminal and legal regulation, will be impossible without explanation of the legal nature of this phenomenon. One of these legal phenomena is the institute of coercive measures of medical character of domestic criminal law applied to mentally sick persons who made socially dangerous acts or crimes. For research of validity of reference of coercive measures of medical character to the sphere of criminal and legal regulation explanations of the maintenance of these measures are analyzed by appropriate subjects as the uniform understanding scientific their legal nature will allow us to establish the right legislative decision. Besides, the analysis of doctrinal interpretation of coercive measures of medical character of criminal law will help to develop measures for improvement of the existing criminal legislation in case positions of scientists are shared and this institute is given various interpretation. Research showed that today scientists-lawyers offer over twenty definitions of concept of coercive measures of medical character which both are mostly similar among themselves, and are opposite each other. So one authors considering the legal nature of coercive measures of medical character consider them legal measures (criminal and legal). Other researchers adhere to the mixed approach and consider these measures at the same time criminal and legal and medical. Supporters of the third approach consider coercive measures of medical character of the Russian criminal law only medical. Therefore, in the criminal legislation there are problems in a regulation of these measures. As it is represented, as the main reason that in the same legal phenomenon the rules of law of various branch accessory having various mission are integrated acts. These precepts of law reflect features of legal regulation in various areas of the public relations, including the relations which are outside action of criminal law and branches, adjacent to it. Their number includes the criminal and criminal procedure law, the criminal and executive right, international law and a constitutional right, the medical right and its such branches as the general and judicial psychiatry. Therefore, as the main problem establishment and permission of questions of a ratio of regulations of various branch accessory acts, and also in definition of temporary borders when one standardly legal act stops the action and begins the action another.
Рассматривается формирование и развитие российского уголовного законодательства о принудительных мерах медицинского характера, применяемых к психически больным лицам, совершившим общественно опасные деяния, после Октябрьской революции 1917 г. и формулируются основные этапы его формирования. Кроме того, анализируется влияние политических, гражданских, идеологических и нравственных аспектов на формирование и развитие отечественного уголовного законодательства о принудительных мерах медицинского характера в период времени 1917-1935 гг. ; The problems of formation and development of the Russian criminal legislation on medical enforcement measures applied to mental patients who committed socially dangerous acts after the October Revolution 1917 are under consideration and the main stages of this formation are formulated in the present article. Moreover, the influence of political, civil, ideological and moral aspects on the formation and development of domestic criminal legislation on medical enforcement measures in 1917-1935.
Рассматривается время возникновения и дальнейшее формирование, развитие российского уголовного законодательства о принудительных мерах медицинского характера, применяемых к психически больным лицам, совершившим уголовно наказуемые деяния в дореволюционной России, а также формулируются основные этапы его становления. Кроме того, анализируются труды ученых (учебные пособия по уголовному праву, диссертации, монографии и т.п.), посвященные изучению историографии российского уголовного законодательства о принудительных мерах медицинского характера, и приводятся результаты собственных исследований автора. ; In article time of occurrence both the further formation, and development of the Russian criminal legislation on the forced measures of medical character applied to mentally sick persons, made penal acts in pre-revolutionary Russia is considered, and also the basic stages of its formation are formulated. Besides, in article the author analyzes works of scientists (manuals on criminal law, dissertations, monographies, etc.) the historiographies of the Russian criminal legislation devoted to studying about forced measures of medical character and results of own researches of the author are resulted.
