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Статья посвящена практике проведения советских государственных праздников на Алтае в 1920-е гг. Анализируются особенности формирования советского праздничного календаря и основные законодательные акты по вопросу развития государственных праздников. Рассматривается процесс организации торжественных мероприятий. Исследуются отчеты о проведении праздничных мероприятий. Праздники рассматриваются как важный элемент пропаганды. Обращение к местному материалу обусловлено тем, что праздничная культура в рассматриваемый период значительно варьировалась в зависимости от региональных условий. ; In the history of soviet society the 1920s is the period of formation of the new state ideology. The emergence of the revolutionary calendar can be considered as an important feature of this decade. New holidays influenced the cognitive, emotional and volitional spheres of human activity, brought people together to solve important problems of the state. Specially created commissions worked to organize holidays. They included administrative, party, komsomol and trade union officials. Commissions were formed at different levels (all-Russian central, provincial, regional, municipal, district, village, company, institution). The main forms of celebration, both in the center and in the regions, were parades, demonstrations or processions, that gathered people in a community center. The route was described in detail in the periodical press. In rural areas, holidays were less solemn than in the city. Forming Soviet festive culture in the village, the government imposed the same forms of festive events that were typical for cities (rallies, demonstrations, meetings). Soviet state holidays were a new phenomenon, they had not yet found their place in the rural festive calendar. They were not fixed by annual repetitions. They needed regular advertising by the government, otherwise they could simply be forgotten. An exemplary event was the preparation for the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the revolution. Planning, organization and holding of anniversary events were carried out throughout the country following a uniform pattern. Preparations for the celebration began a year before the holiday by forming a central holiday committee at the all-union level. It established the rules and enforced them at the regional level. In the period under review the bolshevik monopoly of power in the country determined, among other things, the monopoly on the festive culture. A necessary ideologically space was made which influenced the broad masses of the population in the way the power needed. The problem of training of professionals engaged in the organization of new celebrations was also solved. When organizing events, the bolsheviks sought active involvement of the population, both in their preparation and implementation. In the process of its formation, the new holiday culture improved; every year more and more people and organizations took part in the festivities. Organization of celebrations rose to a higher level, the external design became unified and ideologically marked.

На основании архивных документов и материалов периодической печати рассматриваются особенности организации и проведения советских государственных праздников на Алтае в 1930-е гг. Анализируются отчеты о результатах подготовки к праздникам. Отмечается, что в 1930-е гг. происходит постепенная унификация советской праздничной системы. Идеологическое содержание государственных праздников изображало ударные темпы трудовых достижений, показывало различие социально-экономических показателей между СССР и капиталистическими странами. Автор приходит к выводу, что в рассматриваемый период функционирование аналогичных схем превратило организацию государственных праздников в рутину. ; The article discusses the process of organizing public holidays in Altai in the 1930s. A qualitatively new period of the Soviet holiday system development began from the 1920s and in the course of 1930-s. It is in the 1930s when its gradual unification and standardization took place based on the previous decade experience. Holidays organization mechanism acquires distinct forms; its work was organized sufficiently well. The author notes that, having based on the previous decade experience, public holidays organization in the 1930s started with establishing special committees that were responsible for preparing and conducting a particular celebration. Committees were formed on different levels: All-Soviet Union (a central committee), oblast, city and district. The central committee coordinated the holidays preparation and established particular All-Soviet Union standards. Regional committees, according to archival documents, consisted of representatives of party and Soviet organizations, Komsomol, trade unions, enterprises and institutions. The committee heads were personally responsible for the politically correct decor of the holidays and festive events content. On the eve of the holiday dates, regional committees sent their workers to districts with special control trips to check the observance of the general holiday standards. Based on archival documents and materials of the periodical press, the author comes to a conclusion that to organize and hold a celebration was costly and, primarily, time consuming. In comparison with the 1920s, when holidays preparation generally started a week before the organized event, in the 1930s it was three or four weeks before the event. Before public holidays, the socioeconomic country development results were summed up that proved that a Soviet person's life was becoming better year after year, the state's power was growing and changes in all society spheres were taking place. In the periodical press, articles were published that stressed the more beneficial position of the Soviet workers in comparison with foreign workers. Pupils and youth prepared for national holidays as it was in the previous period. People at schools strove to academic progress and discipline improvement. Pupils were actively engaged in festive columns decor. As the press noted, the state strove to create appropriate conditions for holidays conduct, in particular, to provide population with food and manufacturing products. On the celebration eve, authorities' decrees were issued to organize trade in order to provide population with all necessary things for holidays. On holiday and pre-holiday days, kolkhozes, sovkhozes and enterprises made enhanced labor commitments. Public holidays ideological content showed accelerated tempos of economic and cultural development striving to prove the socioeconomic indices difference between the USSR and western capitalist countries. In the end, the author concludes that the holiday instance network was called not to create holidays original plans but to conduct unified and standard celebrations. The functioning of the same or analogous schemes turned public holidays organization into routine.