Suchergebnisse

Problem setting. There is a fairly extensive network of museums in Ukraine. These cultural institutions have different forms of ownership and subordination: public, communal, private. Study, preservation and popularization of the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine; development of cultural, educational and research museum activities related to the acquisition of museum collections, exhibition, fund, publishing, restoration, monument protection work, aesthetic, intellectual, civic, national and patriotic education; the solution of problematic issues of the museum affairs requires an effective public policy in this area. Bringing all components of such a policy in line with the challenges of the time, focusing on state-building guidelines, developing identity, satisfying the public interest is an extremely important task today. Recent research and publications analysis. The research topics of Ukrainian and foreign scholars relate to various areas of the museum sphere: the connection of economic processes and museum activities; local communities and the development of museums in a pandemic; transformation of museum institutions; balanced development, sustainability, etc. The following scientists studied the essence and content of these processes: I. Panteleychuk, R. Mankovskaya, N. Filipchuk, Y. Klyuchko, L. Pleshakova, T. Shlyapakova, B. Boniface, S. Cooper, R. Mencarelli, C. Alcaraz, I. Pop, A. Borza, T. Komarac and others. The paper objective – analysis of indicators illustrating the problems and trends of public policy in the field of museum affairs in Ukraine, the functioning of museums in crises, in particular, which are a consequence of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation and the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The paper main body. The Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine is the main body in the system of central executive bodies, which ensures the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of museum affairs. There is no complete list of existing museums of various forms of ownership. The last update of the list, as stated on the website of the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine, took place on May 10, 2018. The most common type of museum in Ukraine is local lore. There are 567 such museums of various forms of ownership: state (regional, district, city) and non-state. The number of historical museums is 235 units. 196 museums have national status. There are 89 registered art museums in the database, including 52 art museums and 37 art galleries. Given the military actions in eastern Ukraine caused by the occupation of part of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, museums related to military affairs and memory are popular: troops - 63, military glory - 51, war - 6. Minimizing the negative impact of the political factor on the development of museums would help to improve the performance of museum institutions of their social functions, regardless of which model (elite, democratic or mixed) is a museum. Indicators of museum activity, which are summarized by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine by regions and the country as a whole are: number of museums, museum branches, distribution of museums by status, by profile, number of main and auxiliary funds, classification of funds by regions and museum profile , movement of funds, area of the museum territory, research, exposition and exhibition work, number of visitors, main characteristics of museum staff, etc. The study of trends in museum activities is carried out in comparison with the development of tourism. The relative growth rates of the number of museum visitors and the growth rates of the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents for the corresponding period are calculated. The analysis shows that a significant decrease in indicators occurred in 2014, when the Russian Federation annexed Crimea and the Russian-Ukrainian war began. The growth rate of the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents in almost all years exceeds the growth rate of the number of museum visitors for the period 2011-2019. The growth rate is calculated relative to the previous year. The biggest difference in the growth rate is 2018: 62% increase in the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents against 4.88% increase in the number of museum visitors. The leaders in the number of museums per 1 million population in Ukraine are Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr and Odessa regions. Conclusions of the research. It is determined that the legal basis of museum affairs in Ukraine is prescribed in the legislation, in particular, in the Law of Ukraine «On Museums and Museum Affairs». The basic indicators illustrating problems and tendencies of realization of the public policy in the field of museum affairs in Ukraine are considered. Analysis of the performance of the museum affairs in the crisis, which is a consequence of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation and the annexation of the autonomous Republic of Crimea, proves a significant decrease in all indicators in 2014-2015 and a gradual increase in subsequent years. Relative indicators have been calculated that indicate the impact of armed aggression on museum activities, such as: the growth rate of the number of museum visitors and the growth rate of the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents for the relevant period. The analysis shows that a significant decline occurred in 2014, when Russia occupied Crimea and the Russian-Ukrainian war began. It is noted that for Ukraine the negative factor influencing the development of museums is still political, which is illustrated by the example of the Odessa Art Museum, the Ivan Honchar Museum and «Mystetskyi Arsenal» National Culture, Arts and Museum Complex. Emphasis is placed on the need for the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine to develop a state strategy for the development of the museum industry. ; Розглянуто базові показники, що ілюструють проблеми та тенденції реалізації державної політики у сфері музейної справи в Україні. Досліджено вплив політичного чинника на діяльність музеїв. Визначено взаємозв'язок між показниками туристичної та музейної діяльності. Обґрунтовано потребу у виробленні державної стратегії розвитку музейної галузі в Україні. Ключові слова: державна політика; музеї; туризм; показники; розвиток; стратегія.

Problem setting. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major changes in the education systems of all countries. This has hampered the achievement of internationally defined goals in the field of education and has disproportionately affected the poorest and most vulnerable. As governments and the international community have a responsibility to adhere to declared principles and carry out reforms, education policy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic needs to be given increased attention. Recent research and publications analysis. The discussion surrounding online education in the context of the pandemic was based on the need to move from the usual form of learning to distance learning to ensure student safety and health and teachers to slow the spread of the virus. Experts note that the online teaching regime provides a sense of psychological security for the educational community in the context of the spread of COVID-19. Characteristically, the ability of states to respond to school closures changes dramatically depending on the level of development. Scientists argue that third world countries face political paralysis in dealing with sudden changes in the scenario of planning, managing and organizing education during a pandemic with their unsatisfactory technical infrastructure, academic incompetence and lack of resources. This is especially true for low- and middle-income countries. The paper objective is to analyze scientific publications of foreign authors on the organization of education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, generalization and classification of problems to be addressed by modern educational policy. The paper main body. Distance work before the introduction of quarantine measures was not common in Ukraine, most university professors preferred traditional lectures, seminars and practical classes, and students often performed their tasks on paper. Therefore, for many teachers and students, distance learning has become a completely new form. In terms of the way the educational process is organized, distance education is becoming an increasingly attractive and realistic model for implementing educational policy in each country. The accelerated pace of development of distance education in the coming years may displace from the education market a significant part of traditional educational institutions in many countries. In the near future, world-renowned universities will be able to teach tens of millions of students from around the world. Online education takes into account the crisis situation, focusing on four important pillars: policy-making, access to resources, learning opportunities, and ongoing evaluation and monitoring. Conclusions of the research. The main directions of research on online education in a pandemic are identified: security in an emergency, financial gaps between rich and poor, psychological problems, lack of infrastructure for information technology, social problems, motivation of students, teachers and parents, digital literacy in education among teachers, students and parents, e-learning platforms, bridging the digital divide, limiting mobility, state participation, innovative approaches, vision of the future. Based on the analysis of scientific publications of foreign authors on the organization of education in the pandemic COVID-19 summarizes and classifies the problems to be addressed by modern educational policy: socio-psychological, economic, technological, communication, organizational and methodological. It is noted that the availability of analytical, operational and political potential is a prerequisite for the formation and implementation of effective educational policy. Keywords: e-learning, distance education, educational policy, governance, inequality, digital competence, social issues. ; Визначено основні напрями наукових досліджень щодо онлайн-освіти в умовах пандемії. На основі аналізу наукових публікацій зарубіжних авторів із тематики організації освіти в умовах пандемії COVID-19 узагальнено та класифіковано проблеми, на розв'язання яких має бути спрямована сучасна освітня політика: соціально-психологічні, економічні, технологічні, комунікаційні, організаційні та методологічні. Зазначено, що наявність аналітичного, оперативного й політичного потенціалу є передумовою для формування та реалізації дієвої освітньої політики.Ключові слова: онлайн-навчання; дистанційна освіта; освітня політика; управління; пандемія; нерівність; цифрова компетентність; соціальні проблеми.

Problem setting. There is a fairly extensive network of museums in Ukraine. These cultural institutions have different forms of ownership and subordination: public, communal, private. Study, preservation and popularization of the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine; development of cultural, educational and research museum activities related to the acquisition of museum collections, exhibition, fund, publishing, restoration, monument protection work, aesthetic, intellectual, civic, national and patriotic education; the solution of problematic issues of the museum affairs requires an effective public policy in this area. Bringing all components of such a policy in line with the challenges of the time, focusing on state-building guidelines, developing identity, satisfying the public interest is an extremely important task today. Recent research and publications analysis. The research topics of Ukrainian and foreign scholars relate to various areas of the museum sphere: the connection of economic processes and museum activities; local communities and the development of museums in a pandemic; transformation of museum institutions; balanced development, sustainability, etc. The following scientists studied the essence and content of these processes: I. Panteleychuk, R. Mankovskaya, N. Filipchuk, Y. Klyuchko, L. Pleshakova, T. Shlyapakova, B. Boniface, S. Cooper, R. Mencarelli, C. Alcaraz, I. Pop, A. Borza, T. Komarac and others. The paper objective – analysis of indicators illustrating the problems and trends of public policy in the field of museum affairs in Ukraine, the functioning of museums in crises, in particular, which are a consequence of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation and the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The paper main body. The Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine is the main body in the system of central executive bodies, which ensures the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of museum affairs. There is no complete list of existing museums of various forms of ownership. The last update of the list, as stated on the website of the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine, took place on May 10, 2018. The most common type of museum in Ukraine is local lore. There are 567 such museums of various forms of ownership: state (regional, district, city) and non-state. The number of historical museums is 235 units. 196 museums have national status. There are 89 registered art museums in the database, including 52 art museums and 37 art galleries. Given the military actions in eastern Ukraine caused by the occupation of part of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, museums related to military affairs and memory are popular: troops - 63, military glory - 51, war - 6. Minimizing the negative impact of the political factor on the development of museums would help to improve the performance of museum institutions of their social functions, regardless of which model (elite, democratic or mixed) is a museum. Indicators of museum activity, which are summarized by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine by regions and the country as a whole are: number of museums, museum branches, distribution of museums by status, by profile, number of main and auxiliary funds, classification of funds by regions and museum profile , movement of funds, area of the museum territory, research, exposition and exhibition work, number of visitors, main characteristics of museum staff, etc. The study of trends in museum activities is carried out in comparison with the development of tourism. The relative growth rates of the number of museum visitors and the growth rates of the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents for the corresponding period are calculated. The analysis shows that a significant decrease in indicators occurred in 2014, when the Russian Federation annexed Crimea and the Russian-Ukrainian war began. The growth rate of the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents in almost all years exceeds the growth rate of the number of museum visitors for the period 2011-2019. The growth rate is calculated relative to the previous year. The biggest difference in the growth rate is 2018: 62% increase in the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents against 4.88% increase in the number of museum visitors. The leaders in the number of museums per 1 million population in Ukraine are Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr and Odessa regions. Conclusions of the research. It is determined that the legal basis of museum affairs in Ukraine is prescribed in the legislation, in particular, in the Law of Ukraine «On Museums and Museum Affairs». The basic indicators illustrating problems and tendencies of realization of the public policy in the field of museum affairs in Ukraine are considered. Analysis of the performance of the museum affairs in the crisis, which is a consequence of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation and the annexation of the autonomous Republic of Crimea, proves a significant decrease in all indicators in 2014-2015 and a gradual increase in subsequent years. Relative indicators have been calculated that indicate the impact of armed aggression on museum activities, such as: the growth rate of the number of museum visitors and the growth rate of the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents for the relevant period. The analysis shows that a significant decline occurred in 2014, when Russia occupied Crimea and the Russian-Ukrainian war began. It is noted that for Ukraine the negative factor influencing the development of museums is still political, which is illustrated by the example of the Odessa Art Museum, the Ivan Honchar Museum and «Mystetskyi Arsenal» National Culture, Arts and Museum Complex. Emphasis is placed on the need for the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine to develop a state strategy for the development of the museum industry. ; Розглянуто базові показники, що ілюструють проблеми та тенденції реалізації державної політики у сфері музейної справи в Україні. Досліджено вплив політичного чинника на діяльність музеїв. Визначено взаємозв'язок між показниками туристичної та музейної діяльності. Обґрунтовано потребу у виробленні державної стратегії розвитку музейної галузі в Україні. Ключові слова: державна політика; музеї; туризм; показники; розвиток; стратегія.

Problem setting. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major changes in the education systems of all countries. This has hampered the achievement of internationally defined goals in the field of education and has disproportionately affected the poorest and most vulnerable. As governments and the international community have a responsibility to adhere to declared principles and carry out reforms, education policy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic needs to be given increased attention. Recent research and publications analysis. The discussion surrounding online education in the context of the pandemic was based on the need to move from the usual form of learning to distance learning to ensure student safety and health and teachers to slow the spread of the virus. Experts note that the online teaching regime provides a sense of psychological security for the educational community in the context of the spread of COVID-19. Characteristically, the ability of states to respond to school closures changes dramatically depending on the level of development. Scientists argue that third world countries face political paralysis in dealing with sudden changes in the scenario of planning, managing and organizing education during a pandemic with their unsatisfactory technical infrastructure, academic incompetence and lack of resources. This is especially true for low- and middle-income countries. The paper objective is to analyze scientific publications of foreign authors on the organization of education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, generalization and classification of problems to be addressed by modern educational policy. The paper main body. Distance work before the introduction of quarantine measures was not common in Ukraine, most university professors preferred traditional lectures, seminars and practical classes, and students often performed their tasks on paper. Therefore, for many teachers and students, distance learning has become a completely new form. In terms of the way the educational process is organized, distance education is becoming an increasingly attractive and realistic model for implementing educational policy in each country. The accelerated pace of development of distance education in the coming years may displace from the education market a significant part of traditional educational institutions in many countries. In the near future, world-renowned universities will be able to teach tens of millions of students from around the world. Online education takes into account the crisis situation, focusing on four important pillars: policy-making, access to resources, learning opportunities, and ongoing evaluation and monitoring. Conclusions of the research. The main directions of research on online education in a pandemic are identified: security in an emergency, financial gaps between rich and poor, psychological problems, lack of infrastructure for information technology, social problems, motivation of students, teachers and parents, digital literacy in education among teachers, students and parents, e-learning platforms, bridging the digital divide, limiting mobility, state participation, innovative approaches, vision of the future. Based on the analysis of scientific publications of foreign authors on the organization of education in the pandemic COVID-19 summarizes and classifies the problems to be addressed by modern educational policy: socio-psychological, economic, technological, communication, organizational and methodological. It is noted that the availability of analytical, operational and political potential is a prerequisite for the formation and implementation of effective educational policy. Keywords: e-learning, distance education, educational policy, governance, inequality, digital competence, social issues. ; Визначено основні напрями наукових досліджень щодо онлайн-освіти в умовах пандемії. На основі аналізу наукових публікацій зарубіжних авторів із тематики організації освіти в умовах пандемії COVID-19 узагальнено та класифіковано проблеми, на розв'язання яких має бути спрямована сучасна освітня політика: соціально-психологічні, економічні, технологічні, комунікаційні, організаційні та методологічні. Зазначено, що наявність аналітичного, оперативного й політичного потенціалу є передумовою для формування та реалізації дієвої освітньої політики.Ключові слова: онлайн-навчання; дистанційна освіта; освітня політика; управління; пандемія; нерівність; цифрова компетентність; соціальні проблеми.