Suchergebnisse

The article considers the growth of xenophobia in the context of the social arrangement of contemporary Russia. Growing scales of migration and its structural transformation have played a role in the pumping of the xenophobic attitudes, reorientation of radical nationalists towards the fight against migrants of different ethnicity. However, the growth of xenophobia in its diverse manifestations (ethnophobia, migrantophobia, islamophobia, attitudes towards foreigners) in the 2000s is caused not only by the external factors but also in-depth, fundamental factors of the transformations and functioning of the Russian society. The culture of distrust is expanding in the society; it is characterized by the anomie, instability of the social order, non-transparency of the institutions, alienation of the environment, irresponsibility of the citizens and institutions. Socio-political arrangement of contemporary Russia also plays an important role in the erosion of culture of trust. The establishment of the culture of distrust is combined with low loyalty and solidarity: dissatisfaction with the principles of distribution and social injustice leads to the atomization, erosion of the traditional values of the Russians (belonging to the collective and values of «hierarchy»). The authorities are aware of the danger of the traditional values erosion, destabilization of the foundation of the culture, first of all – of respect towards the power, loyalty, recognition of the legitimacy of the existing order. Different ways out are sought and used. The first one is exploitation of traditional values of the «order» and appeals to «stability». The second one is reformatting of solidarities and formation of other foundations for the loyalty towards authorities. The authorities which initiates unification of the representatives of specific social groups for the socially significant problem reasonably expects the loyalty of the citizens who share its views and foundations of such solidarity, usually – negative one. Acquisition of the technology of «new solidarities» which is accompanied by the constant search and detection of new objects for xenophobia, «new aliens», significantly widened resources for mobilization of traditionally mobilization society. However, with any variants of building «new solidarities», potential objects of xenophobia (ethnic, migrant, religious minorities, foreigners) appear a priori «aliens». Putting search for the cleavages on the conveyor belt, on the one hand, solves tactical problems, on the other hand, leads to the segmentation of the society, not its consolidation. What is needed is the thought-through and transparent policy of the counteraction towards intolerance, including acceptance of the corresponding state program, creation of the social control over the functioning of social and political institutions called for the counteraction to xenophobia. Without institutional reforms, creation of the climate of trust, xenophobia will remain not only a product but also an instrument of the functioning of the Russian society.