Suchergebnisse

The prospects of world economy architecture transformation are in the center of attentation of national and international organizations and research community today. The article shows that the vector of such transformation is given by changes in functioning of global value chains (GVC) that determine the development of world trade and competition of global actors. The quarantine and countries' isolation in the period of COVID-19 pandemia destroyed seriously GVC, pandemia put sharply the question before countries about the effectiveness of GVC, the search for national reserves and opportunities and, finally, about new world economy architecture creation. At the same time there is argued in the article that even before pandemia globalization was not total: there were viewed the decrease in level of production fragmentation and activization of regionalization processes. The author underlined that the intention of GVC actors to keep equilibrium unger modern political situation creates the prerequisites for reformatting of GVC and transformation of the whole world economy architecture.

It is showed the relevance and debatability of the issue of the formation of a set of professional competencies of the individual, spiritual and moral qualities, and creativity. An interdisciplinary approach to the history of entrepreneurship is used. The authors explore the totality of the processes of development of the administrative and economic territory, the structural and functional characteristics of the national economy, culture, as well as the biography and deeds of a particular person who takes on industrial and commercial risks, has competencies. The reasons and prerequisites for the development of entrepreneurship in the chemical industry are considered. It is shown that entrepreneurial activity in Russia in the second half of the XIX century proceeded on the one hand against the background of the development of science and industry, and on the other – against the background of the social reorganization of society. The significance of the founding of the chemical Plant by Filosofov and OK, as well as the entrepreneurial and social activities of the founder of the plant, are assessed. The results of an interdisciplinary study of various aspects of the development of entrepreneurial activity in Russia in the 19th century, as well as the characteristics of the personality of an entrepreneur, his education, and publicistic activity, form the basis for the conclusion about high multipotentiality, which served as the basis for the successful organization and management of entrepreneurial activity in the last quarter of the 19th century.

The work analyzed demographic conditions and trends characteristic of both the world community and the Russian Federation. The importance of integrating voluntary elements as a mechanism for ensuring a decent life for pensioners in multi-level pension systems of OECD countries has been determined. The methodology of the voluntary pension index is described, as well as additional restrictions on its application. The results of modeling for 20 countries were presented and the application of the index in the Russian Federation from 2013 to 2020 was assessed. The conclusion was made about the low development of voluntary pension systems in the Russian Federation.