Suchergebnisse

Осуществлена попытка обобщить основные факты, касающиеся советского пространства в американских учебниках по истории. Выявлены основные подходы относительно освещения СССР в годы «холодной войны», и упоминания про Украину того периода. ; The main purpose of this article is to make some generalizations about the image of the Soviet space during the «Cold War» on the pages of American history books.In American history textbooks, which were written and published during the global confrontation, many pages were devoted to the coverage of the Soviet Union and its relations with the United States. It was a period of struggle between the two superpowers for the spheres of influence in the world for global domination. Coverage of the history of the «enemy» country was subordinate to major purposes of state propaganda. Of course, this led to one-sided view on the opposite superpower.On the pages of American textbooks Soviet Union was described as the main opponent of the American nation and the capitalist countries, such definitions as «enemy», «aggressor», «stranger», «invader» were mostly used. Soviet Union and its leaders were accused of inciting the «Cold war», in a breakaway from allied relations after the Second World War, because of Soviet leaders' suspicion and distrust to the West. The inflaming of the global confrontation was associated especially with Stalin – «Soviet despot». The different dates of the beginning of the Cold war are stated in American history textbooks. But all their variants are connected with the actions of the Soviet Union such as the division of Germany and the Berlin blockade, the expansion of Soviet influence towards the Central and South-Eastern Europe and the establishment of the national-democratic governments, testing the atomic bomb. The image of the Soviet Union as a country with imperial aspirations was formed in the minds of Americans who was taught by these books. Such definitions as «Soviet empire», «totalitarian dictatorship» were wide spread in the textbooks.The Soviet Union was mostly seen as the one country and its parts – Soviet republics were not mentioned in the most cases. However there are few textbooks in which attention was paid to the problems of the concrete republics, including Belarus, Uzbekistan and Ukraine. For example, Ukraine was mentioned more often – if to compare with other republics because it was the largest in terms of population after Russia, and was one of the largest by area. The main problems highlighted in this case were connected with a problem of Ukrainian national identity, aspirations for independence, Ukraine's participation in the UN.Thus, we can conclude that reviewed American textbooks had a lot of information about the Soviet Union, its foreign policy and about the US-SU relations. Further investigations in this field require more deep analysis of the American History educational books according to the level of education (school and university), as well as the comparison of modern and old textbooks. ; Здійснено спробу узагальнити основні факти, що стосуються радянського простору в американських підручниках з історії. Виявлені основні підходи щодо висвітлення СРСР в роки «холодної війни», та згадки про Україну того періоду.