Suchergebnisse

Статья посвящена правовому регулированию деятельности субъектов предпринимательства в сфере обеспечения энергоэффективности. Авторы указывают на необходимость государственной поддержки данной сферы. Анализируются существующие нормы, регулирующие обеспечение энергоэффективности, исследуются их недостатки, такие как декларативность и неполнота. Значительное внимание уделено опыту зарубежных стран в сфере создания правовых (в том числе налоговых) преференций для предпринимателей, активно внедряющих энергоэффективные технологии. ; The article is devoted to the legal regulation of business activities in the field of energy efficiency, the lag on the main innovation's indicators of advanced countries is emphasized. It is obvious that Russia needs to overcome the dependence of the raw materials for sustained economic growth, which is only possible with the government assistance to the rise of high technology products' competitiveness. The transition to the newest ways of doing business in the energy sector is extremely expensive at least because of the magnitude of the required reforms at enterprises. Therefore the author points to the need for government support to encourage and promote the transition to an innovative economy and energy efficiency's development. The updated law "On energy saving and energy efficiency improvements and on amending certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation", containing additional scope of legal regulation of energy efficiency and conservation, should be admitted to be insufficient, since it obviously does not solve all assigned tasks in this area, declarative and incomplete, overwhelmed with blanket provisions that reference the nonexistent yet complex of bylaws. Provided provisions are either difficult to implement or not sufficiently popularized, such as a new form of civil contract, the energy service contract. The legislator has also left without attention the scope of construction, including housing, despite the fact that the share of energy consumption of existing residential buildings higher than 40% of world primary energy's consumption and therefore it is essential to pay attention to energy efficiency in this area. Legislative design necessary for the so-called "green building" has been already built in the developed western countries. The article examines a number of preferences and incentives of tax systems in these countries (particularly USA) for those entrepreneurs, who actively implementing energy-efficient technologies, that can be embedded in the Russian legal system. Thus, it is necessary to recognize the inadequacy of steps toward a more progressive legal regulation of business innovation activities in the area of energy efficiency, which could affect adversely the competitiveness of Russia in the global energy market. The main prospects for raising the competitiveness will obviously demand further legislation specification in the area of energy efficiency.

Представлены результаты внедрения разработанной государственной стратегии ликвидации йоддефицитных заболеваний (ЙДЗ) в Республике Беларусь, основанной на широкомасштабном использовании йодированной соли. Для контроля за эффективностью ее реализации в 2006 г. проведено обследование более 1300 детей из 6 областей республики. Среднереспубликанское значение медианы йодурии за период реализации программы выросло более чем в 4 раза и составило 179,2 мкг/л, а йодный дефицит сократился с 80,9% до 14,0%. Потребление йодированной соли возросло с 30% в 1997 г. до 93,6% в 2006 г. В результате этого заболеваемость зобом в республике снизилась с 17,2% до 12,8%. Полученные результаты позволяют сделать заключение об эффективности стратегии использования йодированной соли, рекомендованной ЮНИСЕФ в качестве универсального профилактического средства для ликвидации ЙДЗ. ; The results of implementation governmental strategy of the iodine deficiency diseases elimination in the Belarus Republic based on the wide using of iodinated salt is presented. For the control of this program fulfillment more than 1300 children from 6 districts of Republic were examined. Middle Republic level of median of the urine iodine elimination for the period of the program realization has increased in more than 4 times and was equal to 179.2 ug/l and iodine deficiency decreased from 80.9 per cent in 1997 to 14.0 per cent in 2006. Consumption of iodinated salt has increased from 30.0 per cent in 1997 to 93.6 per cent in 2006. As the result the goiter rate in Belarus decreased from 17.2 per cent to 12.8 per cent. These results allow getting conclusion concerning efficiency of the strategy of using the iodinated salt recommended by the UNICEF as universal prophylaxis measure for the iodine deficiency diseases elimination.

Forensic & pharmaceutical rating of crimes against environment (ecology) on example of Russian Federation and Ukrainian legislations was given.

В Республике Беларусь в течение последнего десятилетия (1999–2009 гг.) были проведены мероприятия по профилактике йододефицитных заболеваний, включающие обязательное использование йодированной соли в пищевой промышленности и общественном питании. Доля домохозяйств, использующих йодированную соль, в 2009 г. достигла 94%. Благодаря широкому использованию йодированной соли показатели медианы уровня йода в моче достигли оптимального уровня у сего населения страны в целом (169 мкг/л) и у беременных женщин, в частности (224 мкг/л), снизилась заболеваемость простым (эндемическим) зобом у детей, подростков и взрослых лиц, а также резко уменьшилась частота транзиторных нарушений функции щитовидной железы у новорожденных. Опыт Республики Беларусь по профилактике йододефицитных заболеваний может быть использован другими странами Европы и мира. ; Article presents results of implementation of successful program of elimination of iodine deficiency in Belarus. Government decree (2001) requires mandatory use of iodized salt in food industry and public catering. While retail trade of non-iodized salt is not prohibited, all foods shops must have iodized salt on sale. All these measures resulted in increase of iodized salt consumption: 94% of house-holds in Belarus were using iodized salt. Iodine nutrition of population also sig-nificantly improved: median urinary iodine levels in general population (school-children) reached 169 mcg/l and in pregnant women – 224 mcg/l. Endemic goiter morbidity decreased significantly in children, adolescents and adults as well as frequency of transitory thyroid dysfunctions in newborns. Belarus experience in prevention of iodine deficiency can be used by other industrialized countries of Europe and rest of the world.