Suchergebnisse

Приведены результаты анализа развития малого предпринимательства России в координатах «Институты Ресурсы». Объектом исследования выбран малый бизнес России и малый бизнес в промышленности. Экстенсивность роста малого бизнеса измерена через число малых предприятий России, число малых предприятий в промышленности, плотность малых предприятий России, плотность малых промышленных предприятий. Для оценки качества институциональных изменений использованы международные рейтинги: ведения бизнеса, экономической свободы, глобальной конкурентоспособности, восприятия коррупции, эффективности работы правительства, качества законодательства. Для оценки ресурсного фактора развития малого бизнеса применены макроэкономические показатели, индексы экономического настроения и уверенности в промышленности. Период исследования разделен на докризисный (2003-2007 гг.) и посткризисный (2008-2014 гг.). Показано, что низкое качество институциональной среды в докризисный период нивелировалось ростом экономики. В посткризисный период поддержкой роста числа малых фирм на фоне замедления экономического роста стал институциональный фактор: значительное сокращение транзакционных издержек открытия нового бизнеса, изменение критериев отнесения к субъектам малого бизнеса. Автор приходит к выводу, что положительные институциональные изменения могут также провоцировать квази-рост малых фирм, как и негативные. Квази-рост обусловлен увеличением не реальных участников рынка, а «псевдо» новых малых предприятий. Этот факт объясняется стремлением крупных компаний снизить свои транзакционные издержки подчинения закону через формальное деление своего бизнеса на несколько малых фирм. Выявленное влияние институциональных изменений на развитие малого бизнеса необходимо учитывать при проектировании правовых нововведений в этом секторе экономики. ; The research results on Russian small business development in terms of "Institutions Resources" are presented in the article. The study object is small business in Russia and small business in the industry. The extensive growth of small business is measured by a number of small enterprises in Russia, a number of small enterprises in the industry, a density of small enterprises in Russia, a density of small industrial enterprises. The quality of institutional changes is assessed by international ratings for: doing business, economic freedom, global competitiveness, corruption perceptions, government effectiveness, regulatory quality. The resource factor of the small business development is evaluated using macroeconomic indicators, indices of economic sentiment and confidence in the industry. The research period includes the pre-crisis (2003-2007) and post-crisis (2008-2014). It is shown that the low quality of the institutional environment in the pre-crisis period is leveled by the growth of the economy. In the post-crisis period institutional factors have become the support for an increase of small firms against the background of the economic growth slowdown: a significant reduction in transaction costs of opening a new business, changes in the criteria for rating as small business entities. The author concludes that the positive institutional changes can also provoke the quasi-growth of small companies, as well as negative ones. The quasi-growth is conditioned by the increase of not real market participants, but new "pseudo" small enterprises. This fact is explained by the desire of large companies to reduce their transaction costs of obedience to the law through the formal division of its business into several small firms. The determined effect of institutional changes on the small business development should be considered when designing the legal innovations in this sector.

The research results on Russian small business development in terms of "Institutions – Resources" arepresented in the article. The study object is small business in Russia and small business in the industry. Theextensive growth of small business is measured by a number of small enterprises in Russia, a number ofsmall enterprises in the industry, a density of small enterprises in Russia, a density of small industrial enterprises.The quality of institutional changes is assessed by international ratings for: doing business, economicfreedom, global competitiveness, corruption perceptions, government effectiveness, regulatory quality. Theresource factor of the small business development is evaluated using macroeconomic indicators, indices ofeconomic sentiment and confidence in the industry. The research period includes the pre-crisis (2003-2007)and post-crisis (2008-2014). It is shown that the low quality of the institutional environment in the pre-crisisperiod is leveled by the growth of the economy. In the post-crisis period institutional factors have becomethe support for an increase of small firms against the background of the economic growth slowdown: a significantreduction in transaction costs of opening a new business, changes in the criteria for rating as smallbusiness entities. The author concludes that the positive institutional changes can also provoke the quasigrowthof small companies, as well as negative ones. The quasi-growth is conditioned by the increase of notreal market participants, but new "pseudo" small enterprises. This fact is explained by the desire of largecompanies to reduce their transaction costs of obedience to the law through the formal division of its businessinto several small firms. The determined effect of institutional changes on the small business developmentshould be considered when designing the legal innovations in this sector. ; Приведены результаты анализа развития малого предпринимательства России в координатах «Ин-ституты – Ресурсы». Объектом исследования выбран малый бизнес России и малый бизнес в промыш-ленности. Экстенсивность роста малого бизнеса измерена через число малых предприятий России, чис-ло малых предприятий в промышленности, плотность малых предприятий России, плотность малыхпромышленных предприятий. Для оценки качества институциональных изменений использованы меж-дународные рейтинги: ведения бизнеса, экономической свободы, глобальной конкурентоспособности,восприятия коррупции, эффективности работы правительства, качества законодательства. Для оценкиресурсного фактора развития малого бизнеса применены макроэкономические показатели, индексыэкономического настроения и уверенности в промышленности. Период исследования разделен на док-ризисный (2003–2007 гг.) и посткризисный (2008–2014 гг.). Показано, что низкое качество институцио-нальной среды в докризисный период нивелировалось ростом экономики. В посткризисный периодподдержкой роста числа малых фирм на фоне замедления экономического роста стал институциональ-ный фактор: значительное сокращение транзакционных издержек открытия нового бизнеса, изменениекритериев отнесения к субъектам малого бизнеса. Автор приходит к выводу, что положительные инсти-туциональные изменения могут также провоцировать квази-рост малых фирм, как и негативные. Квази-рост обусловлен увеличением не реальных участников рынка, а «псевдо» новых малых предприятий.Этот факт объясняется стремлением крупных компаний снизить свои транзакционные издержки подчи-нения закону через формальное деление своего бизнеса на несколько малых фирм. Выявленное влияниеинституциональных изменений на развитие малого бизнеса необходимо учитывать при проектированииправовых нововведений в этом секторе экономики.

Technological entrepreneurship is a locomotive for the development of the economy of any government and the world economy as a whole, which has survived the turmoil from the economic crises and latest events concerning coronavirus. Despite the importance of this type of entrepreneurship, a single approach towards understanding its content has not yet been developed. In this connection, the research aimed at systematizing the existing knowledge and its development through the formation of certain interpretations has become relevant. And this has become the goal of this work.The content analysis and systematization of the existing definitions of the technological entrepreneurship category has been conducted. As a result, it has been found that understanding of the essence of this economic phenomenon today is extremely multifaceted: from the transformation of fundamental knowledge to the investment into innovation and science. At the same time, all definitions are based, as a rule, on 5 key approaches: process, financial, macroeconomic, competence and functional approaches. The limitations of the existing definitions have also been highlighted, and an original interpretation, aimed at eliminating those, has been proposed. Another result of the work has become the set of basic necessary competencies of a technology entrepreneur, defined by the authors, among which the key skills are the skills of a manager, lawyer, financier, merchant, patent attorney, and technology transfer specialist. At the end of the study, the factors leading to the opening of technology startups and the classification features of technology entrepreneurship have been identified. The research results are both of theoretical (associated with the growth of knowledge in this area) and practical (allowing entrepreneurs to better understand the process of managing this type of innovation) importance. ; Технологическое предпринимательство является локомотивом развития экономики любого государства и мировой экономики в целом, пережившей потрясения от ...

Today technological development is recognized as one of the key factors in increasing the competitiveness of national economies. In this direction, an active scientific search is being carried out both to identify the significance of the technological entrepreneurship phenomenon for innovative ecosystems, and to develop effective mechanisms for its development. This article is the contribution of the authors to the solution of the first scientific problem. The review of the literature on the Republic of Kazakhstan innovative development showed that the existing works either do not cover the significance of technological entrepreneurship for the current stage of economic development, or the studies are focused only on certain aspects of innovative activity. Therefore, a study is required to assess the dynamics and current state of innovation activity in the country and the prospects for the technological entrepreneurship development. In accordance with this goal, official statistical data were collected for the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 2010–2020, characterizing the level of innovative development of the economy in accordance with the Oslo Manual's requirements. The compiled time series of data were analyzed through an assessment of the dynamics of changes and compared with similar data from the countries of the European Union. As a result, it was found that in terms of innovative development the Republic of Kazakhstan lags far behind the leading EU countries (Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy) and is at a similar level with such countries as Lithuania, Cyprus, and Malta. For each indicator of innovative activity, the significance of the development of technological entrepreneurship was substantiated from the point of view of realizing the economic and innovative potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study results contribute to the understanding of the strategic opportunities for the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan and can be considered both as an ...