В статье исследуются основные этапы развития Партии Демократической Революции Мексики, эволюция ее стратегии и тактики, политическая доктрина, анализируется электоральный потенциал левой коалиции. Автор раскрывает содержание каждого этапа развития партии, акцентирует внимание на истории становления партии как союза социальных движений различной политической ориентации, делает вывод о проблемах и противоречиях партийного строительства, среди которых ведущую роль в настоящий момент занимает внутренняя фрагментация. ; The article examines the basic developmental stages of the Party of Democratic Revolution of Mexico, the evolution of its strategy and tactics, political doctrine, analyzes the electoral potential of the left-wing coalition. The author reveals the content of each developmental stage of the party, focuses on the history of the formation of the party as a union of the social movements of different political orientations, concludes on the problems and contradictions of the party development, among which internal fragmentation plays the leading role nowadays.
В статье отражено диахроническое исследование влияния национальных социально-этических ценностей на правовую сферу, что позволяет проследить развитие морально-правовых представлений в русской культуре. Язык юридической коммуникации изучается как объективное отражение юридического сознания. Предметом исследования являются способы номинации понятия добросовестности в языке российского права. Произведена сплошная выборка соответствующих юридических номинаций из кодексов, законодательных и других актов. Обнаружена недостаточная терминологическая определенность данных номинаций как в законодательстве, так и в специальной энциклопедической литературе. С учетом общеязыковой семантики и контекстуального анализа отмечено совмещение в понятии добросовестности социально-этической и юридической семантики, показана его близость с родовым понятием правомерности. Реконструирована история развития номинативной группы с центром «совесть» в русском законодательстве с XVIII века. Выполнен лингвокогнитивный анализ, показана трансформация семантической структуры номинаций и их когнитивного содержания в современном русском юридическом сознании: зафиксировано уменьшение значимости концепта «совесть» и возрастание значимости концепта «закон» при характеристике правомерности. Выполнен лингвокультурологический анализ, определен аксиологический статус понятия добросовестности в истории и современности русского права. Выявлены признаки этнокультурной идентичности юридического языкового сознания в истории и современности. Отмечена этнокультурная значимость этического концепта «совесть», его историческая связь с концептами «душа», «добро», «справедливость», «правда», «честность». Реконструирован этнокультурный образ добросовестного субъекта права, транслируемый русскими законодательными текстами на протяжении нескольких веков. Апелляция к данному образу рассмотрена как компонент речевой стратегии комплексного воздействия на логическую, эмоциональную и ценностно-мотивационную сферы сознания субъекта права. Выявлен коммуникативно-прагматический риск при совмещении исходного социально-этического и производного правового значения добросовестности (эффект недостаточной точности правовых предписаний). ; The article discusses the diachronic study of influence of national social and ethical values on the legal sphere. It allows to track development of moral and legal representations in the Russian culture. The language of the legal communication is learned as the objective reflection of the legal consciousness. The object of the research is the ways of the nomination of the concept of good faith in the language of the Russian law. There has been made a continuous sampling of the corresponding legal nominations from the codes, legislative and other acts. There has been discovered insufficient terminological definition of these nominations both in the legislation, and in special encyclopedic literature. The overlap of social-ethical and legal semantics in the concept of good faith is noted basing on common-language semantics and the contextual analysis, its proximity with the generic concept of legitimacy is shown. The history of development in the Russian legislation of the nominative group with «sovest» nucleus is reconstructed from the 18th century on. The linguo-cognitive analysis is made, the transformation of semantic structure of the nominations and their cognitive contents in the modern Russian legal consciousness is shown: decrease of the importance of the concept «conscience» and increase of the importance of the concept «law» is fixed in the semantics of legitimacy. The linguoculturological analysis is made, the axiological status of the concept of conscientiousness in the history and the present of the Russian right is defined. The signs of the ethnocultural identity of legal language consciousness in history and the present are revealed. The ethnocultural importance of the ethical concept «conscience», its historical link to concepts «soul», «good», «justice», «truth», «honesty» is noted. The ethnocultural image of the conscientious legal entity communicated by the Russian legislative texts throughout several centuries is reconstructed. The employment of this image is considered as the component of the speech strategy of integral impact on logical, emotional and belief spheres of the consciousness of a legal entity. There has been revealed the communicative-pragmatic risk when combining initial social-ethical meaning of good faith and its derivative for the legal sphere (effect of the insufficient accuracy of the legal instructions).
Исследуется роль религиозно-маркированной лексики в законодательной речи XVII в. Выявлена связь концепта «преступление» с национально-культурным концептом «грех». Религиозно-правовой синкретизм рассмотрен как устойчивая этноментальная характеристика правосознания. ; The article researches the role of the religious marked lexicon in the legislative speech of the XVII-th century. Relation between concept «crime» and cultural concept «sin» has been revealed. Religious-law syncretism has been considered as the stable ethnomental response of the law consciousness.
The paper investigates an impact of the global financial crisis on China and outlines stimulus package of the Chinese Government. The author gives attention to the quality of China's economic development before the crisis discovering unbalances and distortions that accompanied the country's high growth. Exposure of Chinese regions, industries, and groups of population to the crisis are revealed. China announced a $586 billion stimulus package in Nov. 2008 to support a sustainable growth of the Chinese economy. Some positive effects of the package on the China's economy are already observed this year. Currently, China plays a stabilizing function in the international financial market, as well as in the world economy by continuing to hold US securities, support dollar, and avoiding protectionism in the foreign trade. There are signs of the China's future enhanced role in the world economic order. ; The paper investigates an impact of the global financial crisis on China and outlines stimulus package of the Chinese Government. The author gives attention to the quality of China's economic development before the crisis discovering unbalances and distortions that accompanied the country's high growth. Exposure of Chinese regions, industries, and groups of population to the crisis are revealed. China announced a $586 billion stimulus package in Nov. 2008 to support a sustainable growth of the Chinese economy. Some positive effects of the package on the China's economy are already observed this year. Currently, China plays a stabilizing function in the international financial market, as well as in the world economy by continuing to hold US securities, support dollar, and avoiding protectionism in the foreign trade. There are signs of the China's future enhanced role in the world economic order.
The paper investigates a Chinese experience of WTO accession, uncovers the complexity of GATT/WTO negotiation process affected by both an intertwining of the political and economic factors, and reorganization of GATT into the WTO. The author identifies the countrys negotiation positions, strategies and outcomes. During the four years since China has become a member of the WTO, it substantially liberalized its markets for foreign investments, and implemented the bulk of its WTO commitments that were phased in over a five year period. As there is a growing presence of foreign businesses in China, several challenges to Chinas economy have already surfaced. Not all of Chinas WTO commitments have been implemented according to the schedule. ; The paper investigates a Chinese experience of WTO accession, uncovers the complexity of GATT/WTO negotiation process affected by both an intertwining of the political and economic factors, and reorganization of GATT into the WTO. The author identifies the countrys negotiation positions, strategies and outcomes. During the four years since China has become a member of the WTO, it substantially liberalized its markets for foreign investments, and implemented the bulk of its WTO commitments that were phased in over a five year period. As there is a growing presence of foreign businesses in China, several challenges to Chinas economy have already surfaced. Not all of Chinas WTO commitments have been implemented according to the schedule.
В статье авторы анализируют различные подходы определения и понимания демократии как политического режима и ее признаков, а так же как метода коллективного принятия решений. ; In the article the authors analyze different approaches to the definition and understanding of democracy as a political regime and its symptoms, as well as a method of collective decision making.
