В статье анализируются дискурсивные и недискурсивные способы легитимации присоединения Крыма к Российской Федерации. Первая часть статьи посвящена тому, как в официальной риторике использовались апелляции к праву и справедливости («правде»). Вторая часть сфокусирована на способах привлечения российскими СМИ образа России-матушки для иллюстрации этической аргументации. ; The paper deals with analysis of the discursive and non-discursive ways of legitimation of Crimea joining the Russian Federation. The frst part of the paper focuses on Russian offcials' calls to law and justice ("pravda"). The second part is devoted to the Russian media's employing the image of Russia as a mother which was aimed to support the calls to ethical issues of legitimation.
Статья посвящена анализу образа Волги-матушки в дискурсе Сталинградской битвы. Автор характеризует методологические основания исследования, связанного с гендерным измерением репрезентаций рек в национальном дискурсе. Затем речь идет о том, какое место представления о материнской природе Волги занимали в советской культуре 1920-1930-х гг. Анализируются формы и функции включения образа Волги-матушки в репрезентации военных событий. ; The article deals with the analysis of employing the symbol of Mother Volga in the discourse of the battle of Stalingrad. The author points out that the battle was represented in the Soviet propaganda as defending Mother Volga which served as a substitute of the Motherland. The article begins with a discussion of the theoretical aspects of the nationalism study exploiting the maternal symbol of rivers. It then proceeds to sketch out the role of the views on the Volga as mother in the Soviet culture of 1920-1930s. Next, the article examines forms and functions of the Soviet propaganda's employing the image of Mother Volga in the time of the battle of Stalingrad. The author demonstrates that using this image contributed to strengthening the Soviet identity; war mobilization; substantiating the idea of the Red Army's military and moral superiority; and creating the image of the Enemy. Above all, employing the image helped to maintain the collective identity, participating in the drawing symbolic boundaries between "us" and "them": the Volga received a special status as a hypostasis of the Soviet Motherland. Then, the symbol was exploited by mobilization propaganda. The Volga was represented as a woman whose honour had to be protected by Soviet warriors. The motif of the foreign invasion of the USSR as desecration of the Volga and its pollution had the same connotation of meaning as a theme of dishonoring the native land. Meanwhile the call to protect the honour of the native land traditionally serves as one of the most important tool of war mobilization in Russia, appealing to male gender identity. In addition, like Mother Russia, Volga was perceived as not only calling for help but also being an undefeatable force. It served as a factor of military superiority of the Soviet army, sending its sons, the Soviet warriors, into battle and participating in military operations. Finally, the maternal symbol of Volga was employed in making the image of the Enemy, contributing to associating it with rape, aggression, treachery, danger, pollution, and weakness. In conclusion the author summarizes the main results of the study and traces how the symbol of Mother Volga is employed in contemporary practices of commemoration.
Выделяются важнейшие аспекты проблемы использования образа Родины-матери в символической политике постсоветской России. Автор показывает, что материнский символ Родины включается в политику национальной идентичности, практики политической мобилизации, легитимацию и делегитимацию власти, во внешнеполитическую риторику, в демографическую и образовательную политику. Изучение данного символа представляется весьма перспективным для исследования символической политики в целом. ; The article deals with the using of the symbol of the Motherland in the symbolic politics in the post-Soviet Russia. The author demonstrates that the maternal symbol of Russia is employed in the politics of the national identity, in the practices of political mobilization, in legitimation and delegitimation of power, in the rhetoric on the international relations, in politics on demography and education. This symbol serves as an important cultural and semiotic resource of power relations; political actors compete for their own interpretation of social reality with help of the "Motherland", concurring for the right to represent her. The author points out that researching the using the maternal symbol of Russia is heuristic for studying the nature of symbolic politics in general.
Анализируются предпосылки, условия, причины и формы использования символа России-матери в дискурсе легитимации присоединения Крыма. Особое внимание уделено включению в риторику такой модификации материнского символа, как образ России-медведицы, заботливо опекающей своего медвежонка Крым. Автор показывает, как дискурс легитимации эксплуатирует противопоставление образов России-матери и Украины-мачехи. ; The article dwells upon the background, conditions, forms, and consequences of using maternal symbol of Russia in legitimation of Crimea joining the Russian Federation. The author pays a special attention to the use of the image of Russia as a she-bear who takes care of Crimea as a bear-cub. The author examines how the discourse of legitimation employs the image of Ukraine as a step-mother.
