В статье выявлены причины возникновения, программные положения и деятельность Саратовской губернской Русско-демократической партии христиан-старообрядцев и Православно-народной партии в период избирательной кампании в Учредительное собрание осенью 1917 года. Рассмотрена эволюция отношения православного духовенства и верующих, старообрядцев к партиям кадетов и социалистов, а также влияние вероисповедных реформ Временного правительства на политические взгляды верующей части российского общества. ; The reasons, program positions and activities of the Saratov Provincial Russian-Democratic Party of Christians-Old Believers and the Orthodox People's Party during the election campaign to the Constituent Assembly in autumn of 1917 are considered in the article. The author also reviews the evolution of the relation of orthodox clergymen and believers, Old Believers to the parties of Constitutional Democrats (informally Kadets) and Socialists as well as the influence of religious reforms of the Russian Provisional Government on political views of religious people of the Russian society.
В статье показан процесс формирования православного духовенства Нижней Волги и Дона, который начался в ходе Сталинградской битвы и продолжался до начала 1950-х годов. Подавляющее большинство приходского клира составило вновь вернувшееся к церковной службе духовенство старшего поколения, принявшее сан до начала 1940-х годов. Епископат региона приглашал на службу бывшее репрессированное духовенство, активно рукополагал священников из диаконов, псаломщиков, церковного актива, как правило, пожилого возраста, в итоге большинство клира региона принадлежало к старшему поколению. С 1944 1950-х гг. клир стал пополняться за счет фронтовиков, вернувшихся в лоно РПЦ обновленцев; в начале 1950-х гг. выпускниками духовных учебных заведений, священниками из Западной Белоруссии и Украины. Ограничительная политика государства мешала восстановлению церковной жизни, в том числе и решению кадровой проблемы в приходах, что привело к их сокращению в Сталинградской области. ; The article presents the regional specificity of the formation of the Orthodox clergy in the Lower Volga and Don in the 1940-1950s. The Battle of Stalingrad was the starting point of the Orthodox revival in the region. During the Battle of Stalingrad the opening of Orthodox churches, the restoration of the church structure began. Opened churches paralleled in the occupied territories of the Rostov and Stalingrad regions and border areas of the Stalingrad region, the Saratov region and the Astrakhan region. During 1942-1944 the Rostov region had about 251 Orthodox churches; the Stalingrad region 17, ithe Astrakhan region 3, the Saratov region 4. In 1953, the Rostov region had 219 churches, the Stalingrad region 31; the Astrakhan region 16, the Saratov region 14. The largest diocese in the region was Diocese of Rostov and Novocherkassk. As of Autumn 1945, the clergy consisted of one bishop, 200 priests, 14 deacons, 76 acolytes. Most of them returned to the church service during the occupation. In the Stalingrad region the number of clergy who served in the occupied territories, was minimal. In Rostov and Stalingrad not all parishes have registered clergy. In Astrakhan and Saratov state churches were fully staffed, but lacked the acolytes. Solving the personnel problems in the Church, bishops of the region actively ordained priests of the deacons, acolytes, church asset; invited to the service the priests released from places of exile and imprisonment, were on the rest of the staff, who returned to the bosom of the Orthodox Church of Renovationist split. Most of the clergy belonged to the older generation and took holy orders until 1917. In the 1950s, the region's clergy was replenished by graduates of seminaries, the priests of the Western Belarus and Ukraine. Restrictive government policies prevented the restoration of church life. The lack of priests caused the reduction in the number of registered Orthodox parishes in the Stalingrad area.
Показано формирование в Волгоградском государственном университете школы экономической и военной истории под руководством Заслуженного деятеля науки Российской Федерации, Почетного работника высшего образования, доктора экономических наук, профессора Максима Матвеевича Загорулько. Дана характеристика его организаторской и научно-педагогической деятельности. Отмечены научные труды его учеников и единомышленников. ; Maxim Matveyevich Zagorulko is the first rector of Volgograd State University, the veteran of the Great Patriotic War, the Honorable Citizen of Volgograd. He is the founder and the head of the scientific school studying various aspects of the Fatherland's history. In the 1960s, M.M. Zagorulko united researches in the field of an economic history of Russia and the Great Patriotic War history. He had chosen as a subject of his doctoral dissertation a history of operation of economy of temporarily occupied territories of the USSR by fascists. In 1970, M.M. Zagorulko in a co-authorship with the Moscow scholar, the active participant of guerrilla movement A.F. Yudenkov published the monograph "Crash of Economic Plans of Fascist Germany on Temporarily Occupied Territory of the USSR". Soon it was translated into the Czech language. In 1974, there was the second, added and modified edition of the book by M.M. Zagorulko and A.F. Yudenkov "Crash of the «Oldenburg» Plan". The third edition of this book was issued in 1980 in the Russian and Czech languages in Moscow and Bratislava. In 1975, Maxim M. Zagorulko defended his doctoral dissertation in the Dissertation Council of Leningrad State University on the subject "Economic Policy of Fascist Germany in the Occupied Territory of the USSR and Its Crash". M.M. Zagorulko, his pupils and adherents conduct scientific researches in the field of an Economic History of Russia, History of military captivity in the USSR, History of the Battle of Stalingrad and so forth. Under his management multivolume collections of documents were published, monographs were written and dissertations were defended. The fundamental Encyclopedia of the Battle of Stalingrad created by him was declared in 2010 as "The best book of Russia". In all these projects, theses and monographs M.M. Zagorulko is the organizer and inspirer of scientific researches.
В статье показано возрождение народной религиозной культуры в советском обществе в 1940-х гг., выявлено стремление верующих восстановить в полном объеме традиционную православную приходскую культуру, наличие альтернативной православной культуры и православноязыческих народных верований. Неофициальная народная религиозная культура оказывала серьезное влияние на властные структуры 1940-х годов. Под ее давлением укрепляются позиции православной церкви в советском обществе ; The revival of national religious culture in the Soviet society in the 1940s is shown in the article. The authors reveal an aspiration of believing people to restore on a full scale the traditional Orthodox parish culture. They showed the presence of alternative Orthodox culture and Orthodox-pagan folk beliefs. The informal national religious culture had a serious impact on governmental bodies in the 1940s. Under its pressure the positions of the Orthodox Church in the Soviet society became stronger
В статье рассматриваются предпосылки и установление первых контактов России и Мексики, которые происходили после Крымской войны (1853-1856 гг.). Выявлено, что заинтересованность Мексики в сотрудничестве с Россией стала в большей степени проявляться после Крымской войны. Факторами, способствовавшими дипломатическому сближению двух государств, стали: поиск Мексикой союзников в противостоянии нараставшей агрессии государств Европы и США в Центрально-Американском регионе, рост эмиграции русской интеллигенции, переселение религиозных групп старого русского сектантства в регион. На рубеже XIX-XX вв. Мексику посещали русские путешественники и писатели с целью изучения культуры древних индейцев, обитавших в Центрально-Американском регионе. Факторы существования в регионе русской эмиграции, групп старого русского сектантства, Русской православной церкви и ее североамериканских приходов способствовали усилению политических и социокультурных контактов между Россией и Мексикой на рубеже XIX-ХХ веков. ; The article deals with the prerequisites and establishment of the first Russia-Mexico contacts, which took place after the Crimean War (1853-1856). It was revealed that Mexico's interest in the collaboration with Russia began to reveal in a higher degree after the Crimean War. The factors, which had led to the diplomatic rapprochement of the two states, include the Mexico's search for allies in the contradiction to increased aggression of European states and the USA in the Central American region, and the increase of Russian intellectuals' emigration, resettlement of religious groups of the Old Russian sectarians to the region. At the turn of 19th 20th centuries many Russian travelers and writers, such as S.D. Protopopov and K.D. Balmont, visited Mexico for the purpose of studying the culture of ancients Indians, who lived in Central America during many centuries before the Spanish colonization. Besides of the impressions on ancient Indian culture, these travelers described the life of ordinary Mexican people of that time. They mentioned their poverty and hopelessness in the years of Porfirio Dias's dictatorship. Nevertheless, political and cultural contacts had begun to established in the late 19th century between the Russian Empire and Mexico, because after the Crimean War the Mexico's interest to Russians increased. In addition, Russia tried to strengthen its position in Central American region. In total, these factors had led to the strengthening of political, social and cultural contacts between Russia and Mexico.
