LANGUAGE BORROWINGS ON THE HISTORICAL AND PHILOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ; МОВНІ ЗАПОЗИЧЕННЯ НА ІСТОРИКО-ФІЛОЛОГІЧНОМУ ТЛІ
The actuality of this article is predefined by the fact that borrowings were and remain one of the important ways of the extending the Ukrainian language vocabulary, and that is why need the detailed study of their volume and different semantic processes of borrowing, adaptation, and development of foreign words, and their place in the Ukrainian lexical system. Borrowing is one of the forms of mastering of the experience of a nation with which the other nation is in contact. The purpose of the article is to study the history of inclusion into the Ukrainian language of the certain groups of the adopted vocabulary as a result of the socialeconomic and political contacts of Ukraine with other states at various historical stages. The question of contacts is complex through the variety and multidimensionality of such ethnic contacts of Ukrainians and their ancestors with different people in different directions – east, west, south, and north. Some borrowings got in Ukrainian directly, the others – through the mediation of other languages. The confirmation of this conception can be found in the works by B. Rassel, R.O. Yakobson, G.V. Kolshanskyi, etc.The task of the article includes the research of the history of forming the system of borrowings from the Romance and Germanic languages, the description of the principles of word borrowings into Ukrainian, and ways of their including and assimilation in the conceptual and linguistic picture of the world. The borrowed words are divided into the old ones that entered as early as the pre-literate period and those ones which entered at different historical stages of contacts of Ukrainians with other people.Consequently, the adopted vocabulary, co-operating with the basically Ukrainian names, makes a considerable layer of words characterized with wide application by language speakers and high dynamics. With the international connections strengthening, a chronologic sequence disappears and a certain correlation of ethnic and social aspects appears: names related to fashion and daily routine are adopted from French; lexical units connected with handicraft and military businesses – from German; economy, engineering and sports related borrowings are from English. This process gradually accelerated with the development of society.Key words: borrowings, lexical and semantic group, assimilation, linguistic picture of the world, evolution, conceptual picture of the world. ; Статтю присвячено взаємодії української мови з англійською, французькою й німецькою мовами в процесі їх контактування. Ці мови обрано для дослідження через їхню поширеність і вплив на інші мови світу. Незважаючи на відмінності їхніх мовних картин світу, загальним залишається аспект логіко-психологічного мислення людини. У статті проаналізовано основні закономірності еволюції мови, установлено шляхи, засоби й причини запозичування, визначено функції запозичених слів та розглянуто історичні процеси, пов'язані з ними.Ключові слова: запозичення, лексико-семантична група, асиміляція, мовна картина світу, еволюція, концептуальна картина світу.