Suchergebnisse

Анализируются актуальные вопросы взаимодействия между Конституционным Судом Российской Федерации и Президентом РФ, Федеральным Собранием РФ, Правительством РФ, Верховным Судом РФ в рамках системы разделения властей, а также предлагаются меры, способствующие совершенствованию регулирования форм сотрудничества Конституционного Суда с органами государственной власти РФ, учитывая особенности его конституционно-правового статуса. Особое внимание уделяется расширению таких перспективных направлений взаимодействия Конституционного Суда РФ, как экс-пертно-консультационная деятельность, содействие в развитии законотворчества и конституционализации судебной правоприменительной практики. ; This article discusses the topical problem of cooperation in the separation of powers between the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the President of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court. The author suggests improving the regulation of cooperation of the Constitutional Court and the head of the state, the legislative, executive and judicial branches taking into consideration its status. On the basis of the constitutional legislation and law enforcement practice the author concludes that the leading role in cooperation of the President of the Russian Federation and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation belongs to the head of the state, who influences the composition of the Constitutional Court and the appointment of its heads, assignment of additional social guarantees of judicial independence, execution of rendered judgments. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation has an opposite influence on the activities of the President of the Russian Federation in the execution of expert advisory, constituent, statutory and regulatory functions giving expert opinions over complicated constitutional matters, certification of the act of oath of the newly elected head of the state, participation in the procedure of impeachment of the President of the Russian Federation, judgments of other categories, referring the competence of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Analyzing relations between the Constitutional Court and the Federation Council of the Russian Federation, it can be noted that it can actively assist in the elaboration of the legislative activities of the Russian parliament by means of realization of the right to legislative initiative, submission of messages and summarized judicial practice, legal background of its judgments and positions which contain suggestions and recommendations necessary for the consideration of new laws. The Federation Council can also influence the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in a similar way, when it takes part in the appointment and juration of judges, early termination of their powers and holding joint representative, scientific and international meetings. Considering the features of the relations of the Constitutional Court and the Government of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to note the circumstantial character of these relations. It is worked out in the participation in trials, carrying out legal monitoring and exchange of information over the status of rendered judgments of the Constitutional Court in law enforcement practice, which are legal grounds for improving the law-making of the federal executive authorities. The form of relations between the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is described separately. It assumes making suggestions on personal staff of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation to the President of the Russian Federation. Besides, cooperation of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court implies a wide participation of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in hearing cases during constitutional justice administration by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Other aspects of this cooperation are rendering acts on the official explanation of issues of the order of the Constitutional Court judgment execution by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which have a decisive meaning for general jurisdiction and arbitral jurisdiction courts. A prospective direction of the cooperation of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the obligation to invite the Chairman of the Constitutional Court and its representatives to the sessions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court over the issues of explanation of the order of application of laws according to the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The author supports the suggestion over the reasonability of creation of a special legal expert or a State Council of Justice as a coordinating and consulting authority from heads of superior judicial institutions to carry out a single judicial policy in the judicial system of the Russian Federation.

Анализируется юридическая природа итоговых решений Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации как органа судебной власти, а также в качестве высшего органа государственной власти, позволяющая их отграничить от актов судов общей и арбитражной юрисдикции. Рассматриваются особенности механизма действия постановлений Конституционного Суда РФ, оказывающие правоустанавливающее и нормативно-доктринальное влияние на сферу правотворчества и судебную правоприменительную практику. ; The author considers debatable theoretical and practical questions of the nature of final decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, taking into consideration particular aspects of its constitutional status as a judicial authority and as the highest state authority, which allows to distinguish it from decisions of the courts of general jurisdiction and arbitral jurisdiction. Regarding particular aspects of judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation as a variety of judicial acts, the author notes that they have all general characteristics which are appropriate to the decisions of a judicial authority, which is a result of the content of its jurisdictional activity over the review and decision of definite cases and rendering of legal acts. However, following the specific character of the constitutional status and functional assignation of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation as the highest state authority over constitutional judicial control which has a constitutive character, it is necessary to point out particular qualities of the judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. These qualities distinguish the nature of these judgments from decisions of the courts of general jurisdiction and arbitral jurisdiction. Primarily, it is essential to consider such important characteristics, appropriate to the judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, as the generally binding character of these decisions, its direct effect, finality, irreducibility, the highest legal effect, standardization; they operate in time and space, according to the personal scope of application, as legal acts. Moreover, a particular legal quality of the judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is prejudicial character, which all courts should follow during the valuation of the constitutionality of the applied act, having similar legal norms in case of an identical legal situation. Another specific feature of judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation over the cases of regulatory norms are legal consequences. It means that adjudgement of a legal act unconstitutional deprives this act of its legal effect and eliminates the possibility of its application. Another distinguishing feature of the nature of judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is consolidation of legal elements which reveal the notion and the content of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and constitutional legislature. In particular, these legal statements can contain new interpretation of legal acts, admitted as relevant to the Constitution; consequently, other courts should apply it according to statements of legal acts explained by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.

В статье рассматриваются особенности взаимоотношения власти и общества в условиях окончания Гражданской войны в России. Особенности эти обусловлены характерными для того или иного российского региона социальными, экономическими и политическими особенностями, сложившимися в переходный – от войны к миру период, а также особенностями ментальности российского общества, революционными настроениями и синдромами «победителя и «побежденного». ; The article considers the relationships between the power and the society in the power and the society in the conditions of the end of the Civil War in Russia. The peculiarities are substantiated by the typical social, economic and political situation of the transition period (from war to peace) for a definite region of Russia, as well as the ones of the Russian mentality, revolutionary ideas and the syndrome of the winner and the loser.