Suchergebnisse

Events of 1917 and the Bolsheviks' modernization of public relations destroyed habitual way of population's life in Ukraine. Privileged sections of society were artificially combined under the symbolic name ―the former», they were forced to seek for new ways and methods of adaptation to the Soviet social system instead of the natural process of transferring cultural traditions and social experience. Their adjustment to new conditions of existence was accompanied with unpleasant and humiliating process of discrimination: disfranchising, eviction from their houses, human cleanings, various registrations because of their social origin and pre-revolutionary occupations. This situation changed the usual daily lives and the world of millions of people.The author of the scientific article is to explore some aspects in the process of stabilizing the members of Ukrainian former privileged society strata at the Soviet labor market in post-revolutionary period.The process of adaptation to new social, political and economic realities of the post-revolutionary period was quite complex and long. The place of ―former people» at the Soviet labor market was considered to be very ambiguous and controversial. On the one hand, the Soviet government proclaimed the principles of class justice, but at the same time the representatives of the ―accursed past» had to be if not crushed, then completely removed from all important positions in the state. On the other hand, the "former people" had the experience and skills of management, theoretical and army training, quality education, were moral and able to think critically, provide intellectual development and progress. The dictatorship of the proletariat had the aim to remove "class enemies" from the party and administrative activity, for they were ideological outsiders because of their education and previous experience. The civil war, intervention, internal social and economic crisis in the country needed to involve skilled and experienced professionals. Social and economic crisis was combined with a shortage of highly skilled and sometimes just educated professionals, so it was an obvious necessity to attract knowledgeable professionals. Negative attitude to the ―class of former masters» was observed not only among the Bolshevik leaders but among people. Hate to the intelligentsia treated as exploiters' assistants was prevailing among workers. With the proclamation of the proletariat dictatorship workers and peasants showed a dismissive or contemptuous, aggressive and negative attitude to the former bourgeoisie. The identification of ―the former» and their elimination from the social class structure of the Soviet society happened when a new social type of person began to develop. The authorities split the society into ―insiders» and ―outsiders», and the Bolshevik principle ―who is not with us is against us» was the impulse for actions. Such kind of socialist policy resulted in the fact that people were sorted by ideological, social, religion, national origin. The question of the place of ―former people» at the Soviet labor market was largely discriminatory in nature. This situation was caused by the priority tasks of the proletarian society development aimed at full implementation of the Bolshevik principles of social justice. ; Исследованы отдельные аспекты процесса становления представителей бывших привилегированных слоев украинского общества на советском рынке труда, их стратегии и формы выживания и дискриминационная политика со стороны советской власти УССР в послереволюционный период. Критерии идентификации «бывших» как особого социума формировались стихийно, они были неопределенными и зависели от конкретно исторических ситуаций и от субъективных факторов. ; Досліджено окремі аспекти процесу становлення представників колишніх привілейованих верств українського суспільства на радянському ринку праці, їхні стратегії та форми виживання і дискримінаційна політика з боку радянської влади УСРР у післяреволюційний період. Критерії ідентифікації «колишніх» як особливого соціуму формувалися стихійно, вони були невизначеними і залежали від конкретно історичних ситуацій та від суб'єктивних факторів.