Suchergebnisse

In article based on a wide range of sources development of food matter in the Siberian cities in the conditions of war, the reasons of high cost and speculation, a measure of fight against it, creation by the cities of own production enterprises is considered. Article purpose - to research activities of the government power and bodies of the municipal government in the sphere of providing the population with essential goods in Siberia in 1914-1918. The author determined the high cost reasons: frustration of means of communication (lack of transportation of products to the cities); increase in a tax burden, speculation, military orders, intensive release of bank notes that depreciated ruble. In article measures for organization of provincial (district) food committees, city commissions, entering of regulation of the prices, a card system, import bans and commodity exportation, to implementation of independent purchases, truck farming, crops, requisitions and surplus-appropriation systems are researched. It is established that there was no debugged system of entering of dachshunds, and in view of their scantiness goods disappeared from the consumer market, interruptions in products began, the underground markets, speculation and abuses in the sphere of food developed. It is emphasized that the card system on prime necessities (sugar, flour) was ineffective. In the conclusion conclusions are drawn that the state intervention in economy, the constraining and prohibitive measures gave only temporary effect. In many cities cases of mass actions needy against high cost and interruptions in products, riots of warehouses, benches and shops were repeatedly observed. In 1915-1918 process of "turning" by entrepreneurs of trading activities and closing of the entities sharply amplified. The cities of Siberia weren't ready to fuel crisis. The situation in the potrebitelny market remained difficult and was stabilized only in 1919. Copyright © 2017 by Sochi State University. Copyright © 2017 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o.

In article an attempt to give an assessment to interaction of governors and bodies of city self-government in Siberia in 1870-1917, to disclose nature of the conflicts at the local level and methods of their permission is made. Activities of Presence for city affairs as provincial supervision bodies are researched. A key task of provincial administrations - supervision of respecting the rule of law by city managements and consideration of claims of the population to their actions. Different types of the conflicts between chiefs of provinces and the cities on questions are analyzed: elections, financing of police, distribution of local authorities, etc. It is established that in the certain cities the administrative pressure as a conflict resolution method was applied. Two periods of strengthening of supervision of the cities are allocated: 1893-1896 (at local elections) and 1905-1908 (on revolutionary events). Governors and the city authorities sometimes hardly found opportunities for coordination of the measures. In desperate situations both parties had the right to appeal directly in the highest judicial and administrative authority of the country - the Ruling Senate. Because of congestion uncountable claims of both the state and public institutes, and individuals, cases in the Senate were considered several years. It is necessary to recognize this method of the conflict resolution ineffective. Governors had to reckon with local government, to agree, look for a compromise. The facts of administrative arbitrary behavior from "owners of the region" aren't elicited. The periods of confrontation were replaced by a constructive cooperation. In the conditions of war the level of a conflictness was at a low level. In general, the clear government policy on "embedding" of the cities in system of public administration was traced. Copyright © 2017 by Sochi State University.