Suchergebnisse

Что такое «тело» и что такое «телесность»? Определение основных значений понятий «тело». Разделение тела на «внутреннее» и «внешнее». Определение понятия «телесность». Дистинкция понятий «тело» и «телесность». Анализ развития философских представлений о человеческой телесности. Рассмотрение телесности с различных ракурсов и с разных подходов (гносеологический, онтологический, феноменологический, аксиологический и др.) на протяжении истории культурологических исследований. ; The need for philosophical reflection on scientific evidence of human corporeality makes the problem of man in all the diverse characteristics of its nature and existence an essential element of research activity of the Humanities. Researchers believe that at present not only differentiated analysis of the body as the object and the body as the subject is required, but also an integrative analysis of the totality of its various states, qualities and abilities, united in the notion of physicality. The result is that one of the main research challenges is the question of the ability of modern science to reveal the essence of the phenomenon of human corporeality. In this article we review and analyse different aspects of human physicality in an attempt to prove that the distinction between "body" and "physicality" of cultural studies exists. What is physicality in contrast to body? Primarily, they are distinguished in the measure of "vitality". "Body" generally means, above all, a physical object, which does not possess subjectivity and spirituality. Talking about body, we imagine either natural (body as a biological and physiological organism), aesthetic, or, finally, practical (common understanding of the body) look. In psychology, we do not consider body itself certain changes in consciousness are associated with body, such as violation of the scheme, borders, or body sensations. The legitimacy of the separation of these concepts is supported by historical linguistics, derived from the experience of lin guistic traditions of various peoples of the world. For example, in the past the word "body" in the Russian language, in addition to its modern meaning, denoted a lifeless thing. Similar examples are found in other linguistic cultures. Also in the structure of the body we can distinguish internal and external components. Internal components (internal living space) are learned through interceptive sensations and feelings. External components (external appearance and living space) are not only perceived, but also seen. A modern trend in the works of Z. Freud, R. Berduaystel, G. Calero, J. Nirenberg, A. Pis, K. Ryukle, J. Fast, R. Sheflen, Giddens, and A. Loewen is to analyse body language and nonverbal aspects of communication between people. Bodily experiences and bodily expression create conditions for distinguishing between external and internal body language. The history of body became a subject of intense study in many branches of the Humanities in medical anthropology. In addition, each theory is not similar in content to other theories, because in one case history of sexuality (M. Foucault), in another  the history of body psychology (V.I. Shkuratov) in the third  history of anatomical and physiological studies of body (G. Glaser) is considered. A major scientific interest for development of human corporeality is the study of political anthropology (A. Deris, O.Yu. Rybakov, S. Espinoza).