Suchergebnisse

Директива Европейского союза о развитии когенерации до уровня в 10 % от общей выработки электроэнергии определяет развитие централизованного теплоснабжения в крупных городах преимущественным на-правлением. Для паровых турбин типа Т-100/120-130 разработана математическая модель теплового и напряженно-деформированного состояния. В ходе расчетов, определены максимально нагруженные зоны ротора и значения интенсивностей напряжений в них. Полученные данные позволяют провести оценку малоцикловой усталости и остаточного ресурса основного метала турбины на каждом из пусковых режимов эксплуатации. ; A Directive of the European Union on the cogeneration development to reach a level of 10 % of the total electric power output defines the development of centralized heat supply to large cities by establishing priorities. A mathematical model of thermal and stress-strain behavior was developed for the steam turbines of a Т-100/120-130 type taking into consideration the available damages of designed structures and restoration and repair changes in elements during their operation. The model is based on 3D spatial analogous models used for high pressure rotor. The data of computation investigation include the calculations of thermal and stress-strain behavior of the high pressure rotor of steam turbine Т-100/120-130 of 100 MW; block No 1 operated by the PJSC "Kharkiv CHPP-5". The stress-strain behavior was created during the numerical experiment simulating the influence of high temperatures, working medium pressures, centrifugal forces and also a reaction of supports. The analysis of obtained data allowed us to determine maximally loaded rotor zones for each start mode of the operation, in particular the cold start, warm and hot starts. The values of maximum amplitudes of the stress intensities for the most loaded rotor sections were determined that allowed for the evaluation of low cycle fatigue and the residual resource of the main metal of turbine.

Европейский союз принял директиву о развитии когенерации до уровня в 10 % от общей выработки электроэнергии. Основные экономические проблемы ТЭЦ проявляются при снижении тепловой нагрузки и соответствующем повышении себестоимости электроэнергии. С точки зрения экологической безопасности городов централизованное теплоснабжение является преимущественным видом поставки тепла. Построена геометрическая модель ротора высокого давления (РВД) с учетом данных визуального контроля, полученного при планово-предупредительном ремонте. Рассчитаны граничные условия (ГУ) РВД при пусках из холодного состояния (ХС), из неостывшего (НС) и из горячего состояния (ГС), которые изменяются во времени в течение всего периода пуска. При расчете ГУ РВД учтены изменения параметров на переменных режимах работы. ; The experience of Denmark, Finland and Russia shows that up to 90% of the urban demand in heat and electricity can be provided in a joint cycleof their production. The European Union adopted a directive about the development of cogeneration to a level of 10% of total electricity generation. From the point of view of the energy business there is valuable in big cities the presence of the combined networks of consumers who use both electricity and heat. Cogeneration systems of most Ukrainian cities are characterized by a high degree of deterioration of thermal power station and thermal networks. The heat consumption of the population is also reduced because of high tariffs for thermal energy. Main economic problems CHP manifested during reducing of the heat load and the corresponding increase in the cost of electricity. In terms of environmental safety of urban district heating it is advantageous. Therefore, the extension of exploitation of the heat power stations is actual and requires special studies. The geometric model of the high pressure rotor, based on visual inspection dates during the repair works, is building. To optimize the calculations in the model there were selected the regulating stage and the first four non-regulated stages of the high pressure rotor, where the metal temperature is high and we have the maximum temperature gradients in the starting regimes. The boundary conditions during the starting from the cold, non-hot and hot states were calculated. When calculating the boundary conditionsthe changes of the working parameters are were taken into account.