Suchergebnisse

Проанализировано развитие органов здравоохранения на территории Забайкальской области в начале Гражданской войны. На основе обширного фактического материала раскрыта сущность производившихся в 1918-1919 гг. реформ в медицинской сфере. Анализируются причинно-следственные связи происходивших перемен. Разбираются такие разделы, как управление здравоохранением, функционирование медицинской сети, решение кадровой проблемы, обеспеченность медикаментами, борьба с эпидемиями, санитарно-гигиенические мероприятия, борьба с проституцией, помощь военнопленным Первой мировой войны. ; The article is devoted to the history of public health in Zabaikalskaya Oblast from the coming to power of Ataman G.M. Semenov to the normalization of relations between him and Admiral A.V. Kolchak in May 1919. The work is written on the basis of the first published archival materials, memoirs of contemporaries and data of periodicals. The attempt of the Zabaikalskaya Oblast administration to return to the model of health that emerged after the February revolution of 1917 is discussed. On the basis of extensive factual material the author reveals the essence of the 1918-1919 reforms in the medical field. The cause-and-effect relations of the occurring changes are analyzed. Information about military medicine and mobilization of health personnel in the Separate Eastern Siberian Army is considered. Attention is drawn to the conflict between the regional Zemstvo and the Zabaikalsky Cossack management; it led to the formation of an independent medical service for the Cossacks. The work of private practitioners is also described. Activities of foreign health workers is comprehensively studied. Information on establishing logistics in the region with medicine and medical goods is given. An important role in this work was played by the American Red Cross, the Young Men Christian Association, the Japanese Society for Economic Aid to Siberia and a number of other public organizations. Much of their work was to combat the epidemics in the winter of 1918-1919. In this regard, the causes of diseases, the scope of the disaster, mortality and control measures are analyzed. Information is provided about the sanitary cleaning in the cities, the opening of washing houses, the delivery of clean water to the population, the promotion of healthy lifestyles. Insufficient funding, lack of medicine, mobilization of health workers, mass migration of people, apathy of the military and civil administrations of Zabaikalskaya Oblast had a negative impact on fighting the infection. Despite the death of many health workers, belated, but effective measures were taken by the spring of 1919 which could cope with the flow of the diseases and suppress the epidemic. The article also provides data on social work: the condition of the kindergartens, the work of prisoners of war during the First World War, the legalization of prostitution. It also covers the scientific activities of the Zabaykalsky Society of Doctors. In conclusion, it is noted that the return to the democratic model of health organization, created after February 1917, did not happen. Zemstvo and urban self-government were pressed by the administration and due to financial dependence could not make independent decisions. Medical forces were weakened by the fact that medical institutions were passed on to different departments. Some positive facts do not change the overall picture of the decline and collapse of the system of health care in the remote Russian province.

Рассматривается организация врачебно-медицинской деятельности на территории Забайкальской области в годы Первой мировой войны. На основе богатого фактического материала раскрываются такие темы, как мобилизация медицинского персонала, оказание помощи гражданскому населению, развертывание военных лазаретов для раненых соотечественников и военнопленных, состояние лечебной сети, проведение санитарной, а также научно-исследовательской работы. ; The article deals with the organization of medical care in the Trans-Baikal region during the First World War. On the basis of rich factual material it explores the topics of medical personnel mobilization, medical civic actions, organization of military hospitals for the wounded compatriots and the prisoners of war, the state of healthcare services, sanitary and research work.

Рассматривается деятельность органов здравоохранения на территории Забайкальской области в завершающий период Первой мировой войны. На основе богатого фактического материала раскрываются такие темы, как оказание помощи гражданскому населению в годы войны, фронтовая работа медработников Забайкалья, организация военных лазаретов для раненых, состояние лечебной сети, проведение санитарной, а также научно-исследовательской работы. Значительное внимание уделено реформированию врачебно-санитарной организации, последовавшей после Февральской революции в России. ; The article deals with the activities of health care authorities in the TransBaikal region in the final period of the First World War. On the basis of rich factual material, the author discusses the following topics: assistance to the civilian population during the war, the work of TransBaikal medical staff at the front, organization of military sick-quarters for the wounded, state of the health care system, sanitary and research work. Considerable attention is paid to the reformation of the medical care organization that followed the February revolution in Russia.

Освещается тема развития органов здравоохранения на территории Забайкальской области в начале Гражданской войны. На основе обширного фактического материала раскрывается сущность производившихся в 1918 г. реформ в медицинской сфере. Анализируются причинно-следственные связи происходивших перемен. В статье разбираются такие разделы, как управление здравоохранением, функционирование медицинской сети, решение кадровой проблемы, обеспечение медикаментами, борьба с эпидемиями, участие медработников в военных столкновениях. ; The article deals with the development of public health authorities in the TransBaikal region in the beginning of the Civil war. The essence of medical reforms carried out in 1918 is revealed on the basis of extensive empirical material. The cause-and-effect relations of occurring changes are analyzed. The article discusses such issues as healthcare management, health network operation, solution of personnel problems, availability of medical products, control of epidemics, participation of medical personnel in military actions.