В данной статье проведены судебно-фармацевтические исследования наркопреступности, связанной с незаконным оборотом наркотического средства каннабиса. Установлены причинно-следственные связи незаконного оборота каннабиса и каннабисной наркомании в Российской Федерации, Украине и Великобритании. Отмечены закономерности незаконного оборота психоактивных веществ среди школьников и молодежи. Проведен анализ нормативно-правовых документов Украины, Российской Федерации и Великобритании, регламентирующих оборот препаратов конопли (каннабиса, марихуаны и др.). Показано, что тенденции 2009-2014 г.г. в мире свидетельствуют о сохранении высокого уровня незаконного оборота и злоупотребления препаратов каннабисной группы среди различных слоев населения.In this article conducted a forensic and pharmaceutical research of drug crimes related to illegal circulation of narcotic drug cannabis. Established causal links between the illegal cannabis circulation and cannabis addiction in the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the United Kingdom. Marked patterns of illegal circulation of psychoactive substances among schoolchildren and youth. The analysis of legal documents of Ukraine, the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom government concerning the circulation of cannabis (cannabis, marijuana, and others). Shown that the trends of 2009-2014 years in the world suggest maintaining a high level of illegal circulation and abuse of drugs of cannabis group among the various segments of the population.
Проведено сравнение систем фармацевтического обеспечения предоставления фармацевтической помощи в Украине и за рубежом, проанализированy количественнyе показатели заболеваемости злокачественнyми новообразованиями, количество аптек в Украине и Харьковской области. Изучено нарушение правил обращения лекарственнyх средств, допущенyх для обеспечения онкобольнyх. Предложенy нормотворческие инициативy для усовершенствования системy правоотношений «врач-пациент-провизор» и оборота наркотических лекарственнyх средств для фармацевтического обеспечения онкобольнyх по льготнyм рецептам в аптечнyх учреждениях Украинy и Харьковского региона ; Problem setting. Conducted a comparison of the systems of pharmaceutical provision with pharmaceutical care providing medical products in Ukraine and abroad through the introduction of health insurance and reimbursement of medicines from the state budget. Recent research and publications analysis. Quantitative analysis of the incidence of malignant neoplasms and mortality, the number of pharmacies in Ukraine and Kharkiv region; the level of public spending on the program to combat cancer. Noted that the market of voluntary medical insurance in Ukraine is underdeveloped (covering only 3% of the population) for a complete provision of population with necessary medicines and medical services. The basic conditions for the successful treatment of cancer. Analyzed legislative framework regulating the circulation of medicines for cancer patients in Ukraine. Paper objective. The review violation circulation of medicines, pharmacy made by specialists in providing cancer. Determined that prescription drugs helps minimize forensic pharmaceutical risks (side effects, abuse, etc.). Processed work of scientists of Ukraine and other countries to ensure the cancer drugs of different pharmacological clinical, legal nomenclature and classification of legal groups. Conclusions of the research. Proposed standard-setting initiatives to improve the legal system "doctor-patient-pharmacist" and narcotic drugs for pharmaceutical providing for patients with cancer at discounted prescription from pharmacies in Ukraine and Kharkov region: expanding the definition of "pharmacy"; promoting the opening of pharmacies in rural areas and increase the number of pharmacies that carry out activities related to narcotic drugs
Проведен судебно-фармацевтический анализ фактов убийств, совершенных женщинами в состоянии алкогольного опьянения на основе криминалистики. Установлено, что в странах ЕС, Ближнего Востока и в Украине остро стоит проблема алкоголизма, как среди мужчин, так и среди женщин. Выяснено, что решение данной проблемы в Украине находится в плоскости совершенствования законодательства относительно ограничения доступа к алкоголю всех слоев населения на примере мусульманских стран. Кроме того, необходимо дальнейшее развитие междисциплинарных связей между уголовным правом, криминалистикой, медицинским и фармацевтическим правом. ; Problem setting. In Ukraine from the very beginning people thought, that the woman is the homemaker, wealth, inheritance, child health and gene pool of the nation, which is the foundation of a healthy family and society. Therefore, from a woman, of her health, the opportunity to realize their aspirations in the implementation of labor and social activities depends on the health of each individual family and society as a whole. In recent decades, the role of women has changed: a mother and homemaker, she has become an active public figure that feels high physical and psychological pressure. Recent research and publication analysis. According to researches of the Sosin I.K., Linsky I.V., Minko A.I., Voloshin P.V., Maruta N.O., Chuev Y.F., Melnik A.V. on the examples of clinical practice proved that the female body is weaker than men's and, unlike the latter, not accustomed to long and excessive abuse of alcohol. That is why addiction to substances among women faster than men's behavior while intoxicated aggressive and treatment of female alcoholism and drug addiction are longer and harder. Paper objective. The aim of the paper was to study the statistical data from the WHO and the Department of Healthcare of Kharkiv Regional State Administration regarding the incidence of alcoholism among young people in the European Union and the level of alcohol consumption among women in Ukraine, the study of forensic and pharmaceutical facts concerning the murders committed by women in intoxicated state and on the examples to show the damage that causes irregular drink of alcohol to the human and its associates, generalization of legal acts and proposals to reduce alcohol circulation and increase the women's access to certain types of drugs. Paper main body. Based on examples from forensic and pharmaceutical practice found that women in drunk state commit illegal acts that are criminal offenses resulting in suffering her family and children, and the state holds the social and financial burden and severe financial losses aimed at its treatment and medical supply all legal classification groups. According to the results of forensic and psychiatric research by the Linsky I.V., Minko A.I. and Shapovalov Val.V. established causal relationships and positive relationship between the number of alcoholic psychoses, drug-addicts and the number of crimes committed on the territory of Ukraine in general and in the Kharkiv region in particular. That is, women with signs of alcohol dependence, and continued abusing of the psychoactive substance alcohol are often the victims or perpetrators of various offenses committed by intoxicated. Conclusions of the research. Forensic and pharmaceutical examination of the facts of murders committed by women in drunk state based on criminalistics principles shows that in Ukraine acute problem of female alcoholism. In addition, the problem is acute in the EU and the Middle East, both for men and women. Therefore, its solution is in the plane of the improvement of legislation to limit access to alcohol for the population of Ukraine as an example of Muslim countries. Experience in other countries shows the need for amendments to certain laws of Ukraine, which would impose a limitation commercial promotion of alcoholic beverages during the day, namely a ban on the sale from 9.00 pm to 9.00 am; prohibition of placing windows, shelves with alcohol on a trading floors, along with other products, they should be placed in a secluded room, access to which is restricted to certain categories of people. Also needed the further development of interdisciplinary connections between criminal law, criminology, medical and pharmaceutical law.
Рассмотрены судебно-фармацевтические риски, которые мешают безпрепятственному обеспечению лекарственными средствами льготного контингента пациентов, и ненадлежащее выполнение медицинскими и фармацевтическими работниками своих профессиональных обязанностей. Исследование проводилось на примере льготного пациента инвалида Великой Отечественной войны І группы, ликвидатора аварии на ЧАЭС 2 группы в сопоставлении с опытом стран Европейского союза, США и России. ; Problem setting. Improper performance of professional duties by employees of medical or pharmaceutical industry can happen in any place in the field of healthcare, at any part related to the processes and procedures of treatment due to improper use of drugs, improper treatment can lead to aggravation of the disease and incorrigible consequences for the patient (by forensic and medical assessment criteria: easy, moderate, severe injury or death). Recent research and publication analysis. Compliance with European standards to ensure quality of life and rights of every person, citizen and patient requires measures for rapid study of problems of corruption schemes, forensic and pharmaceutical risks that hinder the development of the health sector and circulation (tender procedures, ensuring preferential contingent reimbursement, development, manufacturing, sourcing, marketing, sales, accounting, etc.) of the medicines of various nomenclature, classification and legal groups. These issues faced in their research activities such scientists as Tatsiy V.J., Gudzenko A.P., Galatsan A.V., Shapovalova V.A., Shapovalov V.V. Paper objective. To study of forensic and pharmaceutical risks and reasons hindering the smooth pharmacy institutions providing medicines (drugs) for preferential contingent of patients invalids of the Great Patriotic War (war veteran group 1), the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident of the 2nd category based on the pharmaceutical law as well as higher levels of regional cooperation in legal system of «the doctor (medical officer) the preferential patient the pharmacist the social worker the civil servant of the executive forensic doctor the prosecutor the judge the lawyer». Paper main body. The life quality of modern old men, who belong to the category of preferential contingent, and is patient of the 1st group of disabled veterans and liquidators of the Chernobyl depends on many factors, the most important is the level of socio-economic security and current medical and pharmacy service, ensuring the health of privileged categories of citizens is a priority of public policy, both in Ukraine and in Russian Federation and Belarus. In recent years the study of the problem of ill-health and the provision of pharmaceutical services, conflict of interest «doctor-patient» when assigning frequencies for receiving and dispensing drugs, the use of health insurance, payment in carrying of the commercial activities in the provision of medical and pharmaceutical services in healthcare was the subject of numerous studies in Japan, Canada, the EU, Russia, UK, Ukraine and the USA. Declared by the state grace contingent violated, as evidenced by numerous cases that should have criminal defense contingent privileged citizens (patients). The state should contribute to raising the social-economic, financial, medical and pharmaceutical, prosecutors, and legal levels of regional security (protection) concessional of patients with vital medicines that dispensed from the pharmacy network at discounted prescriptions. Conclusion of the research. According to the forensic and pharmaceutical risks studied problem areas that hinder medical supply preferential contingent numerous cases, evidence of violations of the rights of the patient, who declared the state must have a criminal defense contingent privileged citizens. The government should raise the socio-economic, financial, medical, pharmaceutical and criminal level to ensure favorable patient with essential drugs that dispense from the pharmacy network at discounted prescriptions. Studying the experience of the EU countries, USA, Canada and others concerning the inadequate provision of medical care (medical errors) requires the need for extensive research. To summarize the problems and improving the coordination of work on the scientific and practical research problems and eliminate the causes and conditions that contribute to ill health and the provision of pharmaceutical care (medical errors) and thereby improve the relationships in the chain «doctor patient pharmacist social worker state official authorities forensic doctor prosecutor judge advocate». Proved the necessity of an appeal to the Supreme council of Ukraine on making appropriate amendments to the art. 140 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as deterrence element of criminal activities in the field of non-performance or improper performance of medical, pharmaceutical or social worker, civil servant or executive bodies of his professional duties as a result of negligent or unfair to them. Making these changes and additions will raise the level of responsibility on the part of social workers and government officials of the executive authorities responsible for funding programs for preferential contingent of citizens and improve legal aid mechanisms grace the bulk of patients in all regions of Ukraine.
В статье с позиции судебной фармации изучено факты отравления граждан вследствие незаконного оборота на этапе употребления фальсифицированных алкогольных напитков (ФАН). По результатам исследований выявлено угрожающие масштабы оборота (производства, распространения, сбыта, потребления и т.д.) ФАН для сферы экономики и здравоохранения Украины. Предложены законодательные инициативы относительно изменений в статьях 199 и 204 Уголовного кодекса Украины относительно усиления уголовной ответственности за незаконный оборот (изготовление, хранение, учет и т.д.) с целью сбыта и сбыт ФАН и определены дальнейшие направления исследований по медицинскому страхованию пострадавших от алкоголя в цепи правоотношений «врач-пациент-провизор-адвокат» ; Problem setting. Health institutions record facts that people come for treatment with health problems as a result of poisoning by counterfeit alcoholic beverages (CAB), which come to the trading network under the well-known brands that prevents consumers during visual inspection to distinguish them from quality products. Recent research and publications analysis. When conducting forensic and pharmaceutical researches found the presence of causality between abuse by the CAB and deaths due to poisoning with CAB. According to the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine, in some regions there is a constant threat of mass poisoning by the CAB because of their low quality and high availability to the public. Paper objective. The aim of the work is to examine the facts of poisoning due to illegal circulation during the use of the CAB from the position of forensic pharmacy for development of the improvement of legal, social and economic methods of proliferation to the CAB. Paper main body. Forensic and pharmaceutical examples of organized criminality members associated with illegal circulation of the CAB indicate that it is through professional actions of the police, investigators, prosecutors and lawyers who stopped criminal activities of members of an organized criminal group in Dnipropetrovsk, Poltava, Kharkiv and Lviv regions. Today in Ukraine due to free circulation of the CAB and low control on the part of prosecutors and relevant services of the national police for the circulation of alcohol products through a commercial network there are not only numerous violations of social and economic rights of citizens to have access to quality and safety alcoholic beverages and to the lack of effective protection mechanism and restoration of their rights through reimbursement for treatment. Therefore, the authors suggested proposals to strengthen criminal responsibility for illegal circulation (at the stages of production, storage, sale, transportation, etc.) with the purpose of sale or sale of the CAB by editing articles 199 and 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Conclusions of the research. As a result of the forensic and pharmaceutical examination of the facts of poisoning as a result of illegal circulation (use) of the CAB found: ► distribution and circulation of the CAB are detected by the law enforcement agencies throughout Ukraine; ► production scale of the CAB reach tens of tons, which adversely affects the health of the population of the regions where CAB found; ► proposed legislative initiatives regarding changes and amendments in articles 199 and 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine concerning the strengthen of the criminal liability for illegal production and sales of the CAB; ► defined the future direction of research on healthcare insurance affected by the CAB and improving of the relationships in the chain "investigator prosecutor criminal judge doctor patient (victim) pharmacist lawyer."
В статье рассмотрены актуальные проблемы незаконного оборота фальсифицированных лекарственных средств в аптеках и медицинских учреждениях Украины, России и стран Европейского Союза. Проанализированы законодательные и нормативно правовые акты, регламентирующие качество и безопасность лекарственных средств в Украине, России и странах Европейского Союза. С учетом судебно-фармацевтических рисков и причинно-следственных связей между употреблением поддельных лекарственных средств и развитием заболевания (смерти), проведено исследование уровня борьбы с незаконным оборотом фальсифицированных лекарственных средств в Украине, России и странах Европейского Союза. Предложены пути усовершенствования законодательной базы, регулирующей качество и безопасность лекарственных средств в России и Украине.The problem of the illicit circulation of counterfeit medicines in pharmacies and hospitals is urgent in developing countries and in the European Union. The aim of the study was an interdisciplinary study of forensic pharmaceutical level to combat trafficking in fake medicines in Ukraine, Russia and European Union countries and the provision of medical and pharmaceutical assistance to affected citizens. As materials research laws and regulations have been used, materials of criminal cases, forensic evidence and pharmaceutical and forensic examinations, documentary information, citizens' appeals. The methods of the study were regulatory, documentary, forensic and pharmaceutical, comparative and graphical analysis. As a result of the forensic study of pharmaceutical levels to combat illicit trafficking of counterfeit drugs found that, in most countries, this issue has been neglected, and the legislative and normative-legal acts regulating the quality and safety of medicines require further improvement. Based on this, the authors propose to make improvements in Article 2 of the Law of Ukraine "On Medicines" and Article 4 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Circulation of Medicines.
