Suchergebnisse

В отличие от «Томских», «Тобольских» и «Иркутских» губернских ведомостей, «Енисейские губернские ведомости» выглядят обделенными исследовательским вниманием. Обращение к архивным материалам и неофициальной части газеты за весь период ее выхода могут помочь восполнить этот пробел. В статье дается характеристика тематическому наполнению неофициальной части первой красноярской газеты, выделяются некоторые специфические особенности ее содержания, предлагается периодизация основных этапов развития. ; In the review of the Siberian press of the leader of the Siberian oblastnichestvo of N. M. Yadrintsev (1885) only some words were told about "Yenisei provincial sheets". The statement of the classic became a basis for studying of history of the newspaper by the subsequent authors. If critical articles from "Irkutsk provincial sheets" are source for studying of social movement in Siberia, objections of "Yenisei provincial sheets" concerning criticism from Irkutsk have not studying and have not commenting in research literature. Distinctive features of informal part "Yenisei provincial sheets" in the end of the 50 the beginning of the 60th years are articles about equipment of gold mining, verses on household subjects and collective letters in protection of known Krasnoyarsk citizens. "The Yenisei provincial sheets" wrote about the provision of indigenous people of the Yenisei province, low level of health care, backwardness of education, local government and status of exiled. Often subjects and contents of articles were ordinary, but they reflected an everyday life and interests of the province. The program of sheets was flexible and governors could exploit points of the program and depending on a changing public situation. History of informal part "Yenisei provincial sheets" can be divided into stages: 1858-1865 reflection by the newspaper of the main events of public life of the province; 1866-1890 loss by the newspaper of public value; 1891-1893 extension of the program of sheets, in connection with journey through Siberia the successor of a throne 1894-1899 again the edition according to the reduced program; 1900-1901 attempt to give to the newspaper universal character (including covering of the international events) for carrying out governmental influence and oppositions to the liberal oppositional newspaper "Yenisei"; 1902-1917 the newspaper edition according to the reduced program (except when events of Russian-Japanese war 1904-1905 were described); 1917-1918 acquisition by "Yenisei provincial sheets" political character as official newspaper of the provincial commissioner of Provisional Government (socialist press organ), and after October, 1917 as official newspaper of Soviets of workers and peasants deputies (bolshevist press organ).

В статье анализируются вводимые впервые в научный оборот материалы Иркутских, Тобольских и Томских губернских ведомостей, выходивших в годы революции и Гражданской войны в качестве официальных органов Временного правительства, а затем антибольшевистских правительств, которые были созданы в Сибири. Показывается, что в изменившихся социально-политических условиях новые власти не могли обойтись без привычной населению официальной части губернских ведомостей: обнародование правительственных постановлений, публикация казенных и частных объявлений. С другой стороны, неофициальная часть ведомостей приобрела ярко выраженный политизированный характер: газетные материалы выполняли пропагандистскую функцию в соответствии с политическим режимом и идеологией Временного правительства и антибольшевистских властей, которые управляли Иркутской, Тобольской и Томской губерниями в 1917-1920 гг. ; The article is the first introduction into scientific use of the published materials from provincial news bulletins released in Irkutsk, Tobolsk and Tomsk during the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War as an official mouthpiece of the Provisional Government, and later of anti-Bolshevik governments which were founded in Siberia. It is highlighted that in a new social and political situation the new authority did include what was used to be common for people to find in provincial news bulletins: the government's acts and directives, official and private ads. The informal part of the bulletins, however, became politically biased: the printed matter performed propagandistic functions in accordance with the political regime and ideology of the Provisional Government and anti-Bolshevik authorities that controlled Irkutsk, Tobolsk and Tomsk provinces in 1917–1920.

Рассмотрены основные направления исследовательского внимания к губернским ведомостям в дореволюционный период. Это библиографические обзоры содержания губернских ведомостей, использование материалов ведомостей в качестве источника в центральных изданиях, дискуссия по поводу содержания и направления губернских ведомостей в среде общественных деятелей и газетных сотрудников, определение места губернских ведомостей в системе периодической печати России в очерках ее истории и справочных изданиях. В качестве примера влияния авторитетного мнения на формирование отношения к губернским ведомостям рассмотрена статья Н.М. Ядринцева «Начало печати в Сибири» (1885) как основа областнической концепции сибирской периодики, которая в дальнейшем «нарастила» историографический авторитет и до настоящего времени в своей фактологической и оценочной частях продолжает использоваться для освещения истории губернских ведомостей Сибири. ; Until 1917 the interest of researchers to provincial sheets was presented by such directions, as: 1. Drawing up bibliographic reviews of the content of provincial sheets in departmental, scientific and literary and publicistic periodicals, and later in provincial sheets. Provincial sheets were divided by the scientific importance of published materials. Local indexes of provincial sheets were made by the former or acting employees of provincial sheets, secretaries of statistical committees. The problem of creation of the all-Russian index for all the sheets was not solved. 2. Use of provincial sheets as a source for reviews of provincial life in the central editions. In this case, only the necessary material for the edition was selected, and all the rest was rejected. 3. Discussion concerning the content and direction of provincial sheets between public figures, publicists, journalists; many of them took part in the publishing of provincial sheets. In this discussion some authors considered provincial sheets not capable to compete with private editions, other authors considered that provincial state newspapers must exist and resist the monopoly of private newspapers. 4. Definition of the place of provincial sheets in the history of provincial periodicals. In periodicals reviews provincial sheets were deprived of the political importance because they did not play any role in "liberation movement" against Russian Autocracy. As an example of influence of the authoritative opinion in relation to provincial sheets N.M. Yadrintsev's article "Nachalo pechati v Sibiri'' (The Origin of the Press in Siberia) (1885) is considered. This article became the basis of the concept of the Siberian periodical press of the oblastniks, which is still used in the history of provincial sheets of Siberia, though the words the representatives of the competing private press and political opposition used cannot be benevolent, weighed and attentive to all the details of the long historical way of provincial sheets. The provincial sheets and their content reformed by the Russian government during the first Russian revolution in 1905-1907 preceding the October revolution were not investigated by contemporary historians of the press. Nothing was written about it during the Soviet period either. Many estimates of the pre-revolutionary authors of the role of provincial sheets in the history of the Russian press passed on to the Soviet and post-Soviet historiography.

Представлены классификация и аналитический обзор работ, посвященных истории «Губернских ведомостей», опубликованных во второй половине XX – начале XXI в. и использующих материалы данного периодического издания в качестве источника для краеведческих и этнографических исследований, для иллюстрации развития освободительного движения, в контексте изучения общественно-культурной жизни провинции. Обосновывается тезис о недостаточной изученности и использования правительственных газет в качестве исторического источника. ; Russian historiography includes many works devoted to the research of the province bulletins nowadays. Having started in the middle of the 1960s the study locates in the place of the bulletins' publishing mainly and is conducted by the researchers from the Urals, the Volga region, Southern and Northern Russia and Siberia. The works of the Soviet period were continued and detailed in the post-Soviet period; they had built the foundation for some new research directions in spite of their methodological specificity. Therefore, it is possible to avoid customary strict division into the Soviet and post-Soviet periods and define some thematic directions of the research, such as history of the provincial press; social movement; the system of governmental periodical press; relationship between the press and the local province administration; province bulletins as a source for local history research; ethnographical publications in the province bulletins; regional study of literature; the history of publishing; source study and bibliography of the province bulletins. The bulletins were used as a source for some regional ethnography research; they had also helped to illustrate the process of the liberation movement's development in the context of the investigation of public and cultural life of the province. The governmental press was not explored enough and thus not used as a historical source to its full extent. The researchers often applied to a single aspect of some problem (which was remarkable at some stage of the bulletins existence), which was not enough to reveal all the diversity of the bulletins' content and was rarely accompanied by a complete and detailed research of the whole history of the bulletin's development. The ideological approach of the Soviet period resulted in biased conclusions made on the material of the bulletins and the limited and selective use of the information. The problem is being solved nowadays by direct application of the bulletins texts, as well as by starting some new research, using central and local archive sources, developing new research approaches, turning the theoretical statements into discussed issues and making adequate conclusions on the history of the regional press, though the history of the province bulletins of the Russian Empire is not comprehensively pictured in all the studies we have by now.

Представлена попытка уточнения и пересмотра сложившихся в истории сибирской печати представлений о неофициальной части «Иркутских губернских ведомостей» в 1857-60 гг. как печатном органе кружка ссыльных петрашевцев (под сомнение ставится и само существование такого кружка в Иркутске). Критическое обличительное направление появилось в газете далеко не сразу и соответствовало целям информационной поддержки административной и экономической политики генерал-губернатора Восточной Сибири Н.Н. Муравьева. ; The papers on the Siberian press history reveal the vision of the first publication years (1857-59) of the unofficial part of «Irkutsk provincial sheets» as the publicity's independent print newspaper, created by the exiled intelligentsia and incriminating abuse of authority and even promulgating the socialist ideas. The main part in the so-called "Trumpet of Petrashevsky Circle" had been assigned to N.A. Speshnev, M.V. Petrashevsky and F.N. Lvov. In fact, despite the former commonness of these people's political views, no Petrashevsky Circle actually existed in Irkutsk, as well as never existed the elaborated and supported by all the three members plan on propagation of "forward-looking" ("revolutionary") ideas with the help of the unofficial part of «Irkutsk provincial sheets» (and then with the help of the "Amur" newspaper). In 1857-1858 the unofficial part of «Irkutsk provincial sheets» wasn't critical and incriminatory as a special consistent direction. The majority of publications (92 in 1857 and 161 in 1858) contained economical, regional and entertaining information. In terms of public policy, the newspaper functioned as government policy steward, provided informational support and gave advantageous assessment of the government's activity concerning the socially important Amur matter. Thereto, N.A. Speshnev had been chosen as an editor by N.N. Muravyov because he was a person who left his former oppositional views and chose the civil service as a form of legal social activity. The position of the «Irkutsk provincial sheets» editor enabled Speshnev to leave Siberia in the nearest future. Placing the readers' letters devoted unofficial part of «Irkutsk provincial sheets» with a truly democratic format, not the format of socialistic or liberal ideas propagation means. One can assuredly assert that in the unofficial part of «Irkutsk provincial sheets» of 1857-59, N.A. Speshnev was the author of six articles (four leading ones concerning the Amur matters and two historical essays about protohistory of Irkutsk), M.V. Petrashevsky wrote one article and F.N. Lvov wrote 12 ones. Herewith, in the majority of cases, articles of the latter concerned the author's professional interests, namely chemistry and geology. The civil servants, officers, teachers, doctors, merchants and the lower middle class people basically were the authors and reporters in 1857-59, not the members of Petrashevsky Circle. They wrote from Irkutsk, Chita, Yeniseisk, Nerchinsk, Blagoveshchensk, Verkholensk, Kirensk and other towns and villages. Such critical incriminatory direction had been accepted by the newspaper at the end of 1858 and it had been intensified by a new editor M.V. Zagoskin, an Irkutsk teacher, which arose a reproach from the superior Siberian Committee in 1859.

Рассмотрено основное содержание и особенности проектов самоуправления Сибири, разработанных сибирской интеллигенцией и опубликованных в журнале «Сибирские вопросы» для объединения деятельности депутатов-сибиряков в Государственной думе. На примере «Томских губернских ведомостей» показаны попытки официальных властей обеспечить выборы в Думу политически лояльных депутатов от Сибири. ; In article the main contents and features of projects of self-government of Siberia, developed by the Siberian intellectuals and published in the magazine «Siberian questions» for cooperation of thee Siberian deputies in the State Duma is considered. An example of «Tomsk provincial sheets» is to show attempts of authorities to provide the Duma elections for politically loyal deputies from Siberia. During the revolution of 1905-07 the Siberian liberal intellectuals made the demand of granting Siberia with an autonomy. «The project of the fundamentals of Siberian Zemstvo establishments regulations», developed by Tomsk oblastnik group led by G. N. Potanin and members of Tomsk University legal society, provided development of a regional Siberian duma which by its structure and powers was much more beyond the provision of a territorial self-government of 1864 and 1890th. To implement a representative body in Siberia "The society of exploration of Siberia and improvement of its life», «The Siberian parliamentary group» and «The Siberian regional union» were created. «Siberian questions» magazin became a Siberian oblastnik publication. The Siberian oblastnichestvo, applying for position of above class force, at the same time reflected interests of the all-Russian parties the constitutional democrats and socialist revolutionaries, but in the State Duma for deputies from Siberia tasks of party programs gave way to regional interests. In the conditions of the revolutionary movement recession an autocratic power got stronger and not only didn't provide Siberia any independent powers, but at all didn't extend to its territory of provision on Zemstvo establishments. Till 1917 Siberia remained a passive object of management for the center, having an appointed administration.

В статье на основании архивных материалов рассмотрена деятельность правительственных комиссий 1901 и 1916 гг. по изменению правил об издании губернских и областных ведомостей; проанализированы предложения в этом отношении редакторов провинциальных правительственных газет и местных властей; рассмотрены меры, предпринятые правительством к усилению влияния официальных газет в условиях революции 1905-1907 г.; определены те сложности, которые препятствовали реализации реформы государственного сектора печати. ; On the basis of archival materials the author considers the activity of the governmental commissions of 1901 and 1916 on the change of rules on the publication of provincial and regional gazette. The article analyses the proposals of editors of provincial governmental newspapers and local authorities in this respect, as well as the measures undertaken by the government to increase the influence of the governmental newspapers in the conditions of the revolution of 1905-1907. The author points out the difficulties which hindered the realization of the reform of the state sector of press.

Вопреки сложившейся в историографии сибирской печати трактовке истории «Томских губернских ведомостей» после участия в ней Г.Н. Потанина и Н.М. Ядринцева в 1864-1865 гг. как угасания и упадка в статье рассматривается период редакторства неофициальной части газеты Е.В. Корша в 1882-1783 гг. как новый качественный этап в ее развитии. В условиях появления частных изданий обновленная неофициальная часть сумела усилить свою коммерческую составляющую и занять определенный сектор в системе сибирской печати. Одной из основных причин прекращения отдельного выпуска неофициальной части «Томских губернских ведомостей» называется позиция редактора и издателя «Восточного обозрения» Н.М. Ядринцева. ; Development of private press in Siberia led Tomsk Provincial Sheets, as well as other official newspapers, to loose its monopoly and influence. Private newspapers in Siberia, as well as in Russia, acquired a character of parallel official authorities of public force, presenting and directing national interests in accordance with their own world-view and political goals. In these conditions, governor of Tomsk region V.I. Mercalov invited a criminal (not political) exiled lawyer Ye.V. Korsh as an editor of the unofficial part of Tomsk Provincial Sheets. He worked as an editor in 1882-83 and changed the form and the content of the newspaper, involved to work correspondents from all over Siberia, increased the number of readers, intensified the value of newspaper as a local governmental body. The unofficial part continued to publish materials typical for Tomsk Provincial Sheets official reports, ethnographic articles, statistical information and other urgent problems for Siberia opening of new educational institutions, charities activity, construction of the Siberian university, questions on working day and banishment, judicial reform, economic position of Siberia. New subjects and columns appeared the activity of Tomsk Municipal Duma, resettlement in Siberia and in the Far East, internal position of China and Russian-Chinese relations, theatrical critiques, current events from Tomsk people and Siberian cities, telegrams of the North Telegraph News Agency. Issues gained a new constant structure its materials were equally shared between Siberia and European Russia to make the newspaper of a universal type. Materials were distributed among separate columns, divided on articles and short messages. Аn average issue contained 35-40 articles on different topics. Comments and letters from readers became a cause of debates on pages of the unofficial part of newspaper. Thereby, the updated unofficial part of Tomsk Provincial Sheets occupied a certain sector in the Siberian press. The evaluation of Ye.V. Korshs activity given by N.M. Yadrintsev, editor and publisher of East Review, as a miserable attempt to compete with private newspapers is not true. The irreconcilable position of East Review to Korsh as a criminal exile at the head of a Siberian newspaper led to the end of issuing of the unofficial part of Tomsk Provincial Sheets as a separate edition.

На основании архивных материалов рассмотрена деятельность правительственной Комиссии по пересмотру правил об издаии губернских и областных ведомостей. ; In the beginning of the 20th century provincial and regional Sheets as a forming system of the regional governmental periodical press attracted the attention of the central authorities. The Commission for provincial sheets edition rules revision was created in 1901 at the Central Administrative Board on the Press. The basic purpose of the Commission was updating of programs of sheets according to the new political conditions, their reduction to uniformity and establishment of information interaction both between the Sheets, and with The Governmental Bulletin. Programs of 73 provincial and regional Sheets were tabulated and showed a perfect variety in content, subscription price and periodicity. These newspapers initially created as a system of regional governmental editions, in the local conditions; and separate assumptions in the program and petitions of governors gradually departed from the ordered restrictions, developed and changed. A paradoxical situation happenedt those Sheets which broke the program confirmed by the law, strengthened the informal part, filling it with forbidden headings (theatrical criticism, local chronicles, correspondence, feuilletons, etc.). Those Sheets deserved attention and approval by the Central Administrative Board on the Press, and Sheets following the legislative line were among outsiders. To understand the situation in April 9-19, 1901, the capital hosted a congress of editors of provincial governmental newspapers. The results of its work were generalized in a new edition of the newspaper's program. However, any changes in existing statutes about the program of provincial Sheets were not been made. The reasons of such a situation were in the general conservative course of the Nicholas's government, fear of any changes in the press position. Reform of the local governmental periodical press demanded financial investments from the authorities, and influenced on the developed financial relations between provincial Sheets and provincial boards, changed the existing schedule of states and salaries. There was a problem of selection of capable and ideologically reliable staff. Besides, hopes to influence the provincial private press in the interests of the government remained. The authorities could get an opponent and not the ally in the updated official bodies with the right to discuss governmental actions. As a result, the Commission activity had only information value and served for learning the position and needs of the local state editions.

Статья посвящена истории становления и развития томских губернских ведомостей юридическим основаниям, материально-технической базе издания, кадровому составу, процессу подготовки открытия газеты в 1854-1857 гг. ; The article is devoted to the history of the origin of Tomsk Provincial Bulletin in 1854-57 and its legal ground, material and technical base for publishing and its staff. The author explains the arising periodicals in Siberia with the thaw of Alexander II times, the processes оf modernization, intensified in Russia from the second half of 1850s. In conditions of modernization, interest of authorities in the reinforcement of its position, in the efficiency of managerial system, in broad and exact notification of its decisions, in regularizing office work, in carrying out of legal principles was raised. These problems could be solved through an official printed organ Provincial Bulletin. Long absence of official newspapers in Siberia can be explained by objective causes (small population, insufficient development of economic relationship, low educational level, small number of Siberian intelligentsia, insufficiency of local administrations in facilities, finally, bad conditions for typography) and by subjective ones (authorities" concept of the Russian socio-cultural province as a semicolonial territory, which was on a special administrative-legal position, approaching European Russia standards with certain delay). Change of supreme state power has led to logical spreading of a governmental project on the publishing of newspapers in Siberian provinces. The Siberian Provincial Bulletin, in its project, structure and contents were editions of the Russian Provincial Bulletin, which had some trends to democratization by the end of the reign of Nicolas I. Gubernatorial power in Siberia also realised a need of publishing newspapers because of their social-economic and public value and the need to perfect the state of things in province. In the article an important place is devoted to regional processes of development of Siberian public and cultural life.

Анализируется законодательство 30-50-х гг. ХГХ в., ставшее юридическим основанием для открытия правительственных газет в европейской части России и в Сибири. Рассмотрены изменения в программе, структура и содержание губернских ведомостей. ; The article is devoted to the problem of legislation in 30-50 of the 19th century, that became the legal base for the opening of government newspapers in the Buropian part of Russia and in Siberia. The changes in program, the structure and the content of the Province Sheet were under consideration.

Статья посвящена неизвестному исследователям журналу «Родная Сибирь», выпускавшемуся учащимися средних учебных заведений города Томска в 1918-1919 гг. В контексте процессов развития провинциальной самодеятельной журналистики и регионального самосознания проанализированы тематика, жанры, состав редколлегии и авторов журнала, методы его тиражирования и распространения. «Родная Сибирь» рассмотрена как опыт творческого самовыражения, консолидации и коммуникации широкого круга учащихся, их общественно полезной деятельности в интересах сибирского края. ; The article is devoted to the problem of amateur school journals in the periphery of the Russian Empire in 1917-1918. The journal Rodnaya Sibir' [Native Siberia], which was published in Tomsk and was not previously known to researchers, was studied. Two issues of the journal have been found by now; one of them in the collections of the Tomsk State University Research Library, the other in the collection of the Tomsk Museum of Local Lore. The composition of the journal, main themes and genre structure were identified. It was shown that a substantial portion of papers was devoted to the Siberian topic; headlines, which may be conventional, were identified. The list of members of the editorial board was reconstructed, as well as the approximate number of authors; the institutions where the authors studied were specified. Pseudonyms the authors of the journal used were identified. Specializations of authors were established (poets, writers, bibliographers). It was shown that representatives of the native population of Siberia were among the authors of the journal. Techniques of the journal replication were studied (lithography, hectograph, handwritten replication). It was proved that the members of the editorial board knowingly and intentionally sought to expand the journal audience; the way of this expansion was shown (selection of the ways of journal replication, gaining financial independence, creation of a circle for the study of literature about Siberia). The journal Rodnaya Sibir' was established and published by young men and women with an active life stance who did not limit themselves by the frames of school routine. The literary glorification of Siberia, the focus of ethnography and history plots from Siberia's past and present, informational (rather than topical and dramatic as it was in oblastniks' journals) way of publications about local socio-political events can be viewed as a defense reaction to the politicization of the society, an attempt to shelter from the contemporary non-stable state of civil confrontation and as a way to find one's own self in the "peaceful" texts of the past and lost trouble-free time. The consistent journal structure, genre and thematic variety of the journal sections suggests that the editorial board thought Rodnaya Sibir' to be a long-term project. For the young and active men and women the journal Rodnaya Sibir' was an experience of creative expression, of editorial and publishing activities, of social cohesion and communication of wide range of students, an experience of finding and expanding the circle of associates, experience in community service for the benefit of the Siberian region.