Suchergebnisse

Problem setting. During the years of independence, Ukraine has made some positive steps in approaching levels of state social standards to European ones, but the social guarantees achieved do not yet fully satisfy the quality of life standards of Ukrainian society.Recent research and publications analysis. A considerable cohort of domestic and foreign scientists devoted their works to the problems of estimation of real incomes of the population and regulation of social standards.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Despite the considerable amount of research carried out on social security, the level of development and effective mechanisms for improving national social standards and social guarantees remains insufficient.The article aims at analyzing the essence and significance of the main basic social standard – the subsistence minimum and social guarantees – minimum wages and pensions by the age, as well as finding ways to approaching them to the European level.Paper main body. The nominal salary of both average and minimum format has been steadily increasing over the years 2004-2019. At the same time, its growth rate in UAH equivalent was more significant than in foreign currency. It should be noted that the officially determined minimum wage in Ukraine by 2009 was well below the subsistence level for the employable, and the minimum pension level equalled the subsistence minimum for the disabled only in 2005. In January 2017 after the raising to 3200 UAH per month, the role of the minimum wage has changed dramatically – it has moved from the statutory amount of remuneration for simple unskilled labor to the statutory minimum wage for the employee's monthly (hourly) rate of work.World practice knows two approaches to determining the minimum wage. The first is based on minimal needs, or the so-called consumer basket. In this case, the value of the minimum wage corresponds to the subsistence minimum (which is what has found its application in Ukraine). The second approach involves the extension of minimum guarantees not only to meet the vital needs, but also to the socio-cultural needs of the individual. And then the minimum wage should be comparable to the average pay. Even if we take into account the dynamics of growth over the 2013-2019 statutory living salary for employable persons, its value will be 2.5 times lower than the actual value of this parameter. For the disabled, this ratio will be 2.1 times lower. The latter indicates a significant underpaying of the official subsistence minimum for these and other social and demographic groups. Unfortunately, in Ukraine, the level of subsistence minimum is in some way a compromise between the economic capacity of the state and the socio-economic needs of the population.In addition to a significant increase in consumer spending on food, there has been a significant increase in the cost of housing and utilities and health services during 2014-2019.Conclusions and perspectives for further research. Taking into account the domestic experience and positive practices of European countries in the field of social security, several measures have been proposed that will help to solve the problems of raising the standard of living of members of Ukrainian society. This can be achieved, first of all, under the conditions of human-centric public administration, sustainable growth of the domestic economy, including its consistent formalization and high levels of productive employment, vocational training and lifelong training, and adaptation of the experience of the implementation of European Union social programs taking into account the relevant domestic prerequisites. ; Проаналізовано стан дотримання рівнів соціального забезпечення та охарактеризовано особливості формування параметрів соціальних стандартів в Україні і в інших державах світу. Запропоновано перелік заходів, що сприятимуть вирішенню питань щодо зростання життєвого рівня населення України.

Problem setting. During the years of independence, Ukraine has made some positive steps in approaching levels of state social standards to European ones, but the social guarantees achieved do not yet fully satisfy the quality of life standards of Ukrainian society.Recent research and publications analysis. A considerable cohort of domestic and foreign scientists devoted their works to the problems of estimation of real incomes of the population and regulation of social standards.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Despite the considerable amount of research carried out on social security, the level of development and effective mechanisms for improving national social standards and social guarantees remains insufficient.The article aims at analyzing the essence and significance of the main basic social standard – the subsistence minimum and social guarantees – minimum wages and pensions by the age, as well as finding ways to approaching them to the European level.Paper main body. The nominal salary of both average and minimum format has been steadily increasing over the years 2004-2019. At the same time, its growth rate in UAH equivalent was more significant than in foreign currency. It should be noted that the officially determined minimum wage in Ukraine by 2009 was well below the subsistence level for the employable, and the minimum pension level equalled the subsistence minimum for the disabled only in 2005. In January 2017 after the raising to 3200 UAH per month, the role of the minimum wage has changed dramatically – it has moved from the statutory amount of remuneration for simple unskilled labor to the statutory minimum wage for the employee's monthly (hourly) rate of work.World practice knows two approaches to determining the minimum wage. The first is based on minimal needs, or the so-called consumer basket. In this case, the value of the minimum wage corresponds to the subsistence minimum (which is what has found its application in Ukraine). The second approach involves the extension of minimum guarantees not only to meet the vital needs, but also to the socio-cultural needs of the individual. And then the minimum wage should be comparable to the average pay. Even if we take into account the dynamics of growth over the 2013-2019 statutory living salary for employable persons, its value will be 2.5 times lower than the actual value of this parameter. For the disabled, this ratio will be 2.1 times lower. The latter indicates a significant underpaying of the official subsistence minimum for these and other social and demographic groups. Unfortunately, in Ukraine, the level of subsistence minimum is in some way a compromise between the economic capacity of the state and the socio-economic needs of the population.In addition to a significant increase in consumer spending on food, there has been a significant increase in the cost of housing and utilities and health services during 2014-2019.Conclusions and perspectives for further research. Taking into account the domestic experience and positive practices of European countries in the field of social security, several measures have been proposed that will help to solve the problems of raising the standard of living of members of Ukrainian society. This can be achieved, first of all, under the conditions of human-centric public administration, sustainable growth of the domestic economy, including its consistent formalization and high levels of productive employment, vocational training and lifelong training, and adaptation of the experience of the implementation of European Union social programs taking into account the relevant domestic prerequisites. ; Проаналізовано стан дотримання рівнів соціального забезпечення та охарактеризовано особливості формування параметрів соціальних стандартів в Україні і в інших державах світу. Запропоновано перелік заходів, що сприятимуть вирішенню питань щодо зростання життєвого рівня населення України.

Проаналізовано світовий досвід проведення соціальних та економічних реформ у період кризових станів. Розглянуто причини гальмування реформ в Україні. Запропоновано заходи для подолання наявних соціально-економічних і політичних проблем в Українській державі. ; The international experience in carrying out socio-economic reforms in times of crisis is analyzed. The causes that impede reforms in Ukraine are considered. The steps to solve socio-economic and political problems in the Ukrainian state are offered.

Проаналізовано світовий досвід проведення соціальних та економічних реформ у період кризових станів. Розглянуто причини гальмування реформ в Україні. Запропоновано заходи для подолання наявних соціально-економічних і політичних проблем в Українській державі. ; The international experience in carrying out socio-economic reforms in times of crisis is analyzed. The causes that impede reforms in Ukraine are considered. The steps to solve socio-economic and political problems in the Ukrainian state are offered.