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This article is dedicated to identifying the main characteristics of the rational choice approach and its heuristic potential in the study of international relations. Determined that in a globalized one of the main tasks of political theory and practice is the search for patterns of political interaction, which would take into account the interests of regional, national and global actors and their actions effectively melted the rational global politics.Determined that the study of the mechanisms of self-regulation of the political system, the mutual influence of informed, rational and motivated individual and collective political actors at various levels and for determining the political economic failures is important areas of policy research.The objectives of political science in the study of international relations should include an analysis of the political transformation of the market (in three interrelated dimensions - global, national and regional), determining the boundaries of state influence on politics and development trends of democratic political regime.Argued that rationality is the one of the fundamentals of modern development, democratic political institutions. Without rationalizing is impossible to imagine the processes of secularization and liberalization of economic, political and media spaces, formation and development of the rule of law and civil society, professional management (bureaucracy), public policy, science and education, technological progress.Determined that the theory of rational choice refers to the sphere of values. The rationality of science, engineering and law, economic and political activities is the basis of European civilization.Argued that the rationality of the modern world accepts new challenges through the development process of mediatization, the emergence of new global economic and political actors, environmental problems.In studies of international relations and foreign policy process of rational choice theory rapidly developing areas such as the theory of negotiation to resolve conflicts and hostilities, combating the activities of international terrorist groups and organizations, international organizations functioning in the context of globalization.Determined that the rational actions of individual and collective political actors in international relations are based on the awareness and analyticity, the political situation is to actions of individuals as rational choice under conditions of globalization lies in assessing the cost and benefits of mandatory considering individual preferences and collective actors. That comes to understanding instrumental rationality, according to which individuals might balance their expected benefits and costs of trying to maximize the first and minimize the latter.Argued that globalization creates a number of challenges for the study of international relations through the prism of rational choice:- Definition of «global» interest, which allows to reconcile individual, group and national interests, problematic transformation of individual interest to the group, and national interests – to the global;- Temporal deficiency in the implementation of policy choices in the «fast» global world;- Dispersion of benefits. With the globalization of every actor gets a small share of the benefits in which he participates to meet the interest of the global community and therefore has no motive for entering the space of global interaction;- The need to find new forms of political participation and control over global actors, provide feedback and participation in shaping the global agenda.Argued that political theory formed quite skeptical of the theory of rational choice in the form in which it is represented in the model of «economic man». Talk about public choice theory with its inherent limited rationality. This approach allows for a more critical approach to understanding the principles of global economic and political market, which is interpreted not as a result of natural, free from interference structure as a result of planning and creating the appropriate legal framework and political institutions. ; Статья посвящена определению основных характеристик подхода рационального выбора и его эвристического потенциала в исследованиях международных отношений. Определено, что в условиях глобализации одной из основных задач политической теории и практики выступает поиск модели политического взаимодействия, которая бы учитывала интересы региональных, национальных и глобальных актеров в рациональной глобальной политике. ; Статтю присвячено визначенню основних характеристик підходу раціонального вибору та його евристичного потенціалу в дослідженнях міжнародних відносин. Визначено, що в умовах глобалізації одним із основних завдань політичної теорії та практики виступає пошук моделі політичної взаємодії, яка би враховувала інтереси регіональних, національних та глобальних акторів у раціональній глобальній політиці.