Suchergebnisse

Sectarian activists in Pakistan are occasionally arrested by law enforcement agencies in sectarian-terrorism crimes but very rarely convicted by the courts. Contemporary research mainly relates slow convictions in sectarian crimes to defects in the state's criminal justice system. But this article connects anti-terrorism courts' (ATCs) slow convictions and large-scale acquittals in sectarian-terrorism crimes to vague anti-terror laws, judges' and witnesses' security concerns and the incompetence of the prosecution and judges. The article applies the mixed method of research by using data from personal interviews, online sources, newspapers, research journals, articles and books. It argues that undefined anti-terrorism laws, judges' security concerns and sectarian activists' terrorization of judges and eyewitnesses add to the ATCs' slow convictions in sectarian-terrorism crimes in the Punjab. Moreover, prosecution and judges' incompetence and their inclination towards Islamic principles in judgements show bias in the application of sectarian-terrorism related laws that have been causing large-scale acquittals in the ATCs.

The study aimed to identify the need of guidance and counselling framework for achieving improved learning outcomes in public sector secondary schools in Larkana. The teachers use corporal punishment to students for achieving academic results. This study determines how learners in public secondary schools in Larkana conceptualized the function of GC in academic achievement. We recruited 167 learners in this paper. The qualitative as well as quantitative method was adopted. The findings showed that most of the students were unaware of the counselling services' availability, they hardly ever used them. The study concluded that secondary schools in Larkana division faced a dearth of proper guidance and counselling framework. According to conclusions, the School Education and Literacy Department Sindh should implement a proper framework of Guidance and Counselling framework.

Spatial ability is reflected to be one of the major abilities that appear especially essential in learning and doing mathematics. The present study is aimed at observing the spatial ability in geometry among secondary school students and teachers teaching mathematics. Objective of the study was to compare the spatial ability of the students of urban and rural secondary schools. To achieve the above objective, following null hypothesis was tested; there is no significant difference between urban and rural secondary schools' students on spatial abilities. A total of 400 students studying in 9th class from sixteen schools were randomly selected as the sample of the study. The study was conducted with the help of an empirical research design. Different Spatial Ability Tests were developed to measure spatial ability. For the purpose of data collection, observation sheets and test items were developed to investigate the performance of the students. Different statistical techniques like Mean, Standard Deviation, and t-test were applied to analyze the collected data. The study is equally significant for all secondary school students as well as for researchers and curriculum developers. Major conclusions of the study were; urban private secondary school students performed better than the others (government urban, government rural and private rural). Main recommendation was; curriculum was relevant hence it was retained.

This research aimed to measure the drawbacks of in-service training Design for teachers at elementary and secondary levels in Punjab. The main objective of the study was to investigate whether training related to presentation skills is given to teachers or not. The population of the study consisted of all Trainers and Trainees (Teachers) at Elementary and Secondary level in Punjab. The sample of the study was comprised of 665 trainers and trainees and the sample for supplementary Questioners comprised of 621 trainers and trainees. Data was collected through Questioners. Two separate Questioners were developed for trainees and trainers and a supplementary Questionnaire was also prepared to address the remaining aspects related to disaster management, Computer skills, use of social media, and multigrade teaching. Three-Point scale was used for questionnaires and weightage was given as (1) Mostly (2) To Some Extent (3) Not at All. Chi-Square test was applied for Statistical analysis. The researcher personally visited the schools and distributed questionnaires among respondents. Data collected through research instruments were tabulated, analyzed, and was discussed. Rawalpindi and Gujranwala Divisions were selected for collection of data and the study was delimited to District Attock, Rawalpindi, and Gujranwala. This Research is fruitful for trainees and trainers as well as the administration of the Training Institutes. In the end, the Findings of the research show satisfactory results but most of the areas were neglected which needs to be addressed.

The unfortunate attacks of 9/11 forced the government to reform madrassah education programs. The aim of this article is to discuss the reform and its results and points of view, as well as the reaction of the Islamic seminaries toward these madrassah reforms.