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Abstract: This work is an attempt to look at the many efforts that have been adopted to combat Boko Haram. It looks at the challenges faced in the counter-terrorist campaign and how the strategies have failed or succeeded so far. Attempts are made to take a broad look at the general theories of counter-terrorism and how the federal government of Nigeria has fared so far in the practical application of counter-terrorist strategies against the Boko Haram group. What are the specific counter-terrorism measures adopted by Nigeria in the fight against Boko Haram – how is Nigeria combating Boko Haram? What are the challenges in the efforts? What are the possible ways to combat Boko Haram and similar insurgencies in the future? Keywords: Boko Haram, Terrorism, Counter-terrorism, Insurgency, Security.

The emergence of Boko Haram has generated profound attention since 2009 when the group launched a military campaign to fight for Islamic rule in Nigeria causing millions of deaths and suffering as a result of its activities. Many local and foreign terrorism and insurgency scholars have drawn attention to Boko Haram's ethnoreligious contest for political power as a major source of violent insecurity in the region. These commentators link the Boko Haram insurgency to the Maitatsine upheaval of the 1980s, yet the violent ideologies of this group have taken a transnational dimension making it one of the deadliest terrorist groups in the world. This study challenges the Nigerian federal government and ECOWAS's heavy-handed and militarised responses towards the Boko Haram insurgency in northern Nigeria. Using a qualitative grounded theory methodology, the study explores the perceptions and experiences of a broad range of participants from the grassroots as well as workers from Civil Society Organisations through face-to-face one-on-one semi-structured interviews across four states in northern Nigeria. The analysis of the participants' narratives and stories validates a major gap in the government's counterterrorism strategy. Drawing on the everyday experiences of the people from communities within northern Nigeria, the study finds inherent local capacity for community-led demilitarised peacebuilding programs and development with a focus on youth engagement, women empowerment, and interfaith dialogue. Hence, the prevention of violent extremism in West Africa's Sahel region requires a rethink, redesign, and creative implementation of conflict prevention practice, in which local ownership is omnipresent. To this end, a context-level approach to northern Nigeria's insurgency crisis must include peace solutions that are embedded within critical and emancipatory peacebuilding practices. ; May 2021

YÖK Tez No: 652660 ; Uluslararası finansal piyasaların entegrasyonu ve finansal ve ekonomik değişkenler arasındaki bağlantıların, politika yapıcıları bu değişkenlerin bazılarının davranışları üzerinde politikalar aracılığıyla etkili ve kontrol etmeye ve yatırımcılar da bilinçli yatırım kararları almak için teşvik etmiştir. Bu değişkenler arasında borsalarda işlem gören hisse senetleri bulunmaktadır. Ekonomide hayati bir işlev görür ve kolayca alıp satılabilir. Bu nedenle, diğer ekonomik ve mali değişkenlerle olan ilişkisinin bilinmesi ve bu doğrultuda bilinçli kararlar verilmesi elzemdır. Bu çalışmada, 01/2004-12/2019 dönemi için gelişmekte olan 19 ekonomi ülkesinin altın, döviz, enflasyon, faiz oranları ve borsa endekslerine ilişkin aylık veriler, bağımlı bir değişken olarak hisse senedi ile olan ilişkisini araştırmak için kullanılmıştır. Analiz için dinamik panel ARDL modeli kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar hisse senedi endeksleri, altın, döviz, enflasyon ve faiz oranları arasında uzun vadeli bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Uzun vadede enflasyon ve faiz oranları oldukça önemli katsayılara sahip. Hem enflasyon hem de faiz oranları hisse senedi fiyatları ile negatif bir ilişkiye sahiptir. Altın ve döviz kurunun uzun vadede hisse senedi endeksleri üzerinde önemli bir etkisi yoktur. Ancak kısa vadede enflasyon dışında tüm değişkenler anlamlıdır. Portföy teorisi kısa vadede geçerliyken, geleneksel teori uzun vadede geçerlidir. Altın, uzun vadede bir riskten korunma veya çeşitlendirme işlevi görmez, ancak kısa vadede hisse senetleri için bir çeşitlendirici görevi görür, enflasyon yalnızca uzun vadeli hisse senedi fiyatları üzerinde etkilidir. Faiz getiren varlıklar hem kısa hem de uzun vadede hisse senetlerine alternatif bir yatırım merkezi olarak işlevi görür. ; The integration of international financial markets and linkages between financial and economic variables have instigated policymakers to try to influence and exercise control over the behavior of some of these variables through policies and investors to make informed investment decisions. Among such variables are stocks that are traded on stock markets. It performs a vital function in the economy and is easily tradeable. It is therefore prudent that its relationship with other economic and financial variables be known for making informed decisions. This research employed monthly data on gold, exchange, inflation, interest rates, and stock market indexes of 19 emerging economy countries for the period 01/2004-12/2019 to scrutinize the relationship between them with stock as a dependent variable. The dynamic panel ARDL model is employed for the research. The results showed the presence of a long-term relationship between stock indices, gold, exchange, inflation, and interest rates. In the long-term, inflation and interest rates are having highly significant coefficients. Both inflation and interest rates have a negative relationship with stock prices. Gold and exchange rate do not have any significant impact on stock indices in the long-term. However, in the short term, with the exception of inflation, all the variables are significant. Traditional theory holds in the long-term whilst in the short-term, portfolio theory holds. Gold does not serve as a hedge nor a diversifier in the long-term but serves as a diversifier for stocks in the short-term, inflation only has an impact on stock prices in the long-term and interest-bearing assets serve as an alternative investment hub to stocks both in the short and long-term.

The tertiary education sector in Nigeria is made up of three categories of institutions these are Universities, Polytechnics/Colleges of Technology and Colleges of Education, the Federal Government of Nigeria evidently recognizes the important roles library play in education and research through provision of information services as recommended by the National Universities Commission (NUC), hence it recommends that a minimum of 10% of each institution's recurrent budget be spent on the development of their libraries. This paper has conducted research on funding policy and acquisition of information resources in federal college of education, zaria, so that the research has revealed the actual sources of fund, Acquisition policy and adequate funding made available in provision to acquisition of information resources in federal college of education, zaria. Recommendations for functional use of funding on acquisition Information Resources in federal college of education library have also been given.

E-Government is the adoption for using ICT for carrying out the main functions of the government such as providing products and services to the citizens, maintaining law and order, foreign affairs, defence, and welfare more effectively. E-Government helps mainly to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the public sector and provide the citizen services in a more friendly and convenient manner. This paper highlighted the electronic government issues, sectors, stage, benefit, e-government in Nigeria and some of the challenges in Nigerian government.

Human trafficking is an international phenomenon. Trafficking in person report the menace as a multifaceted and illicit trade that continues to generate billions of dollars to the global criminal networks annually. Nigerians especially females are trafficked abroad day in day out. This makes the most populous African nation among the largest source of victims to international trafficking networks. Nigeria tries to combat the menace by establishing a specialised anti-human trafficking agency. The agency is accountable for the implementation of the policy. However, putting policy into action presents thoughtful barriers that create implementation gaps. To date, there is nearly no study that looks into the activities of the Nigeria anti-trafficking agency using the trafficking in person report. The investigation is a qualitative enquiry that uses an in-depth systematic review on human trafficking, which paid attention to putting anti-trafficking policy into practice. This is amongst a few studies that attempt to comprehend the state of human trafficking service delivery to the victims in Nigeria. It finds limited training, meagre resources, absence of awareness and corruption as the main barriers hampering efficient policy implementation.