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The unknown history of economic conservatism in India after independenceNeoliberalism is routinely characterized as an antidemocratic, expert-driven project aimed at insulating markets from politics, devised in the North Atlantic and projected on the rest of the world. Revising this understanding, Toward a Free Economy shows how economic conservatism emerged and was disseminated in a postcolonial society consistent with the logic of democracy.Twelve years after the British left India, a Swatantra ( Freedom ) Party came to life. It encouraged Indians to break with the Indian National Congress Party, which spearheaded the anticolonial nationalist movement and now dominated Indian democracy. Rejecting Congress s heavy-industrial developmental state and the accompanying rhetoric of socialism, Swatantra promised free economy through its project of opposition politics.As it circulated across various genres, free economy took on meanings that varied by region and language, caste and class, and won diverse advocates. These articulations, informed by but distinct from neoliberalism, came chiefly from communities in southern and western India as they embraced new forms of entrepreneurial activity. At their core, they connoted anticommunism, unfettered private economic activity, decentralized development, and the defense of private property.Opposition politics encompassed ideas and practice. Swatantra s leaders imagined a conservative alternative to a progressive dominant party in a two-party system. They communicated ideas and mobilized people around such issues as inflation, taxation, and property. And they made creative use of India s institutions to bring checks and balances to the political system.Democracy s persistence in India is uncommon among postcolonial societies. By excavating a perspective of how Indians made and understood their own democracy and economy, Aditya Balasubramanian broadens our picture of neoliberalism, democracy, and the postcolonial world

Cover -- Contents -- Frequently Used Terms and Acronyms -- Notes on Names and Spellings -- Maps of India -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: "You, Too Can Be an Economist" -- Part I. Situating Free Economy -- 1. Making a New India: Dreams, Accomplishments, Disappointments, circa 1940-70 -- 2. Indian Libertarians and the Birth of Free Economy -- Part II. People, Ideas, Practices -- 3. Conservative Opposition to the "Permit-and-License Raj" -- 4. Beyond Ghosts: Visions and Scales of Free Economies -- Part III. Party Politics -- 5. Communicating and Mobilizing: Free Economy as Opposition -- 6. Against the Tide: Swatantra in Office and Memory -- Appendix: Electoral Results -- Note on Sources -- Selected Bibliography and Abbreviations -- Index.

Intro -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Maps -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Foreword by Bibek Debroy -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- 2 An Overview of the Arthashastra-Questions, Answers and Translations -- 3 Economic and Political Frameworks-Dharmic Capitalism -- 4 Wealth Creation -- 5 Sustainable Growth and Welfare -- 6 Rule of Law and Enforcement of Contracts -- 7 How Kautilya Would View the Post-pandemic World -- 8 Summary and Insights -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author.

Locating empirical information on specific service industry characteristics is not an easy task, even for an individual familiar with various sources of data. This book is a quick source of information on service industry statistics across many nations of the world. The reader is introduced to finding key sources of data, building analytical ratios from diverse sources, and understanding the advantages and disadvantages of data selection methods in the service sector. The global nature of the data compiled in this book, especially an extensive coverage of the United States, makes it an invaluable resource to active researchers and stakeholders in the service industry as well as those who seek to enter it

Peter Burke— Since the 1990s, a new kind of history has been flourishing: the history of knowledge—or better, the history of different kinds of knowledge, knowledges in the plural. Turning... READ MORE
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