The Role of EU Law in Challenging the Unjustified Differential Treatment of Domestic Workers: An Analysis of the Court of Justice Decision in CJ v Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social (TGSS) (C-389/20)
In: European Law Review 2022, Forthcoming
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In: European Law Review 2022, Forthcoming
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In: Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society Published as an Advanced Article on June, 30 2020
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In: International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations. Volume 36, Issue 1 (2020) pp. 59 – 80.
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In: Religion & Human Rights 10 (2015), published by Brill
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In: Revista Direito e Práxis: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Band 15, Heft 2
ISSN: 2179-8966
Resumo O presente artigo propõe um enquadramento de atos de resistência e ativismo climático como forma de crítica da propriedade. Defende-se que o repertório contencioso de certos atores sociais no campo climático pode ser não apenas passível de ser defendido à luz do direito, mas carrega também um potencial crítico a concepções vigentes de propriedade. Para tanto, são abordados modelos teóricos que unem a discussão sobre desobediência civil e direito de propriedade. A partir disso, e com base na teoria de direito de Robert Cover, busca-se agregar uma nova dimensão normativa a tais práticas de forma a possibilitar a identificação de novas concepções e críticas da propriedade, a partir das lutas existentes.
In: Revista Direito e Práxis: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Band 12, Heft 2, S. 1368-1389
ISSN: 2179-8966
Resumo O presente artigo possui como objetivo apresentar a contribuição de Wendy Brown para uma crítica dos direitos a partir da inserção da autora em debates que se dão no contexto das disputas em torno do potencial emancipatório do discurso jurídico. Tais debates dizem respeito às posições que circundam e envolvem as concepções formuladas no âmbito das diversas correntes, pensadores e pensadoras que compõem o campo dos Critical Legal Studies. Dessa forma, parte-se da perspectiva de que é relevante denotar algumas dessas disputas teóricas para que se proponha uma retomada dos textos de Brown a partir do contexto atual. Mostra-se como tais abordagens não se encontram irremediavelmente datadas, contribuindo-se, desse modo, para uma sofisticação do diagnóstico do tempo presente da autora no que diz respeito à posição dos direitos no neoliberalismo contemporâneo.
[EN] M-containing tungsten oxides bronzes (M = Ti, Nb or V) with hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB) structure have been investigated as catalysts for the aerobic transformation of glycerol and methanol. The catalysts were prepared hydrothermally and characterized by several physico chemical techniques, i.e. N-2-adsorption, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia. Interesting variations in the thermal stability of the HTB-framework were observed according to the element introduced into the oxide structure. In addition, the incorporation of Ti and Nb modified the acid features of the hexagonal tungsten oxides, whereas V introduced new redox sites. The catalytic results for the aerobic transformation of glycerol and methanol in terms of conversion and nature of reaction products are discussed on the basis of the physicochemical characteristics of catalysts. ; JMLN and MDS thank the Spanish Government-MINECO (CTQ2012-37925-C03-1 and program Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0267). CIRI and INSTM are acknowledged for the grant to AC. ; Soriano Rodríguez, MD.; Chieregato, A.; Zamora Blanco, S.; Basile, F.; Cavani, F.; López Nieto, JM. (2016). Promoted hexagonal tungsten bronzes as selective catalysts in the aerobic transformation of alcohols: glycerol and methanol. Topics in Catalysis. 59(2-4):178-185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-015-0440-7 ; S ; 178 ; 185 ; 59 ; 2-4 ; Grasselli RK, Burrington JD, Buttrey DJ, DeSanto P Jr, Cl G, Lugmair AF, Jr Volpe, Weingand Th (2003) Top Catal 23:5–22 ; Wachs IE, Routray K (2012) ACS Catal 2:1235–1246 ; Macht J, Iglesia E (2008) Phys Chem Chem Phys 10:5331–5343 ; Chieregato A, Lopez Nieto JM, Cavani F (2015) Coord Chem Rev. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2014.12.003 ; Greenblatt Martha (1988) Chem Rev 88:31–53 ; Guo JD, Whittingham MS (1993) Int J Mod Phys B 7:4145 ; Rödel E, Timpe O, Trunschke A, Zenkovets GA, Kryukova GN, Schlögl R, Ressler T (2007) Catal Today 126:112–118 ; Mestl G (2006) Top Catal 38:69–98 ; Botella P, Solsona B, López Nieto JM, Concepción P, Jordá JL, ...
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[EN] The design of suitable catalysts for the one-pot conversion of glycerol into acrylic acid (AA) is a complex matter, as only fine-tuning of the redox and acid properties makes it possible to obtain significant yields of AA. However, fundamental understanding behind the catalytic phenomenon is still unclear. Structure-reactivity correlations are clearly behind these results, and acid sites are involved in the dehydration of glycerol into acrolein with vanadium as the main (or only) redox element. For the first time, we propose an in-depth study to shed light on the molecular-level relations behind the overall catalytic results shown by several types of V-containing catalysts. Different multifunctional catalysts were synthesized, characterized (>X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia), and tested in a flow reactor. Combining the obtained results with those acquired from an in situ FTIR spectroscopy study with acrolein (a reaction intermediate), it was possible to draw conclusions on the role played by the various physicochemical features of the different oxides in terms of the adsorption, surface reactions, and desorption of the reagents and reaction products. ; The Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica thanks the Spanish Government-MINECO projects (CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R and SEV-2012-0267). CIRI Energia e Ambiente (University of Bologna) is acknowledged for a Ph.D. grant to A.C. Consorzio INSTM (Firenze) is acknowledged for a Ph.D. grant to C.B. ; Chieregato, A.; Bandinelli, C.; Concepción Heydorn, P.; Soriano Rodríguez, MD.; Puzzo, F.; Basile, F.; Cavani, F. (2017). Structure-reactivity correlations in Vanadium containing catalysts for the one-pot glycerol oxidehydration to acrylic acid. ChemSusChem. 10(1):234-244. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201600954 ; S ; 234 ; 244 ; 10 ; 1 ; T. Ohara T. Sato N. Shimizu G. Prescher H. Schwind O. Weiberg K. Marten H. Greim Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ...
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1204 1211 10 ; S ; [EN] A series of W-V-O catalysts with different m-WO3 and h-WO3 phase contents were hydrothermally synthesized by employing different tungsten, vanadium, and ammonium precursors and characterized by powder XRD, N-2 adsorption, SEM, X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, NH3 temperature programmed desorption, H-2 temperature-programmed reduction, and XPS. Finally, the acid/redox properties were analyzed by using aerobic transformation of methanol as a characterization reaction. A correlation between phase composition as well as acid and redox properties was observed, which were correlated to the catalytic performance of the title materials in a one-pot oxydehydration reaction of glycerol. The hexagonal tungsten bronze (h-WO3) phase shows a significantly higher concentration of acid sites than monoclinic m-WO3, so that the acid properties of W-V-O oxides are directly related to the presence of h-WO3 crystals. The presence of a higher concentration of acid sites in V-containing h-WO3 crystals is a key factor to achieve high selectivity to both acrolein and acrylic acid during one-pot glycerol oxydehydration. Also, V sites in h-WO3 show higher selectivity in the consecutive reaction (partial oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid), while V sites in the m-WO3 phase fundamentally lead to the formation of carbon oxides. The authors acknowledge the DGICYT in Spain, CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R and CTQ2015-68951-C3-3-R. Authors from ITQ also thank Project SEV-2016-0683 for financial support. D. D. thanks MINECO and Severo Ochoa Excellence Program for his fellowship (SVP-2014-068669). The research group of Prof. Fabrizio Cavani (University of Bologna, Italy)and Consorzio INSTM (Firenze) are gratefully acknowledged for a PhD grant to A. C. Authors also thank the Electron Microscopy Service of Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for their support. Delgado-Muñoz, D.; Chieregato, A.; Soriano Rodríguez, MD.; Rodríguez-Aguado, E.; Ruiz-Rodríguez, L.; ...
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Since the first reported case of the new coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China, researchers and governments have witnessed an unseen rise in the number of cases. Thanks to the rapid work of Chinese scientists, the pathogen now called SARS-CoV-2 has been identified and its whole genome was deposited in public databases by early January 2020. The availability of the genome has allowed researchers to develop Reverse Transcription—Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assays, which are now the gold-standard for molecular diagnosis of the respiratory syndrome COVID19. Because of the rising number of cases and rapid spreading, the world has been facing a shortage of RT-PCR supplies, especially the ones involved in RNA extraction. This has been a major bottleneck to increase testing capacity in many countries that do not significantly manufacture these supplies, such as Brazil. Additionally, RT-qPCR scalability is highly dependent on equipment that usually performs testing of 96 samples at a time. In this work, we describe a cost-effective molecular NGS-based test for diagnosis of COVID19, which uses a single-step RNA extraction and presents high scalability and accuracy when compared to the gold-standard RT-qPCR. A single run of the NGS-based test using the Illumina NextSeq 550 mid-end sequencing equipment is able to multiplex 1,536 patient's samples, providing individual semi-qualitative results (detected, not detected). Detected results are provided with fragments per million (FPM) values, which was demonstrated to correlate with RT-qPCR Cycle Threshold (CT) values. Besides, usage of the high-end Illumina Novaseq platform may yield diagnostic for up to 6144 samples in a single run. Performance results when compared with RT-qPCR show general accuracy of 96%, and 98% when only samples with CT values (gene N) lower than 30 are considered. We have also developed an online platform, termed VarsVID, to help test executors to easily scale testing numbers. Sample registering, wet-lab worksheets generation, sample sheet for ...
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In: Timmers , M , Van Dijck , J T J M , Van Wijk , R P J , Legrand , V , Van Veen , E , Maas , A I R , Menon , D K , Citerio , G , Stocchetti , N , Kompanje , E J O , Åkerlund , C , Amrein , K , Andelic , N , Andreassen , L , Anke , A , Antoni , A , Audibert , G , Azouvi , P , Azzolini , M L , Bartels , R , Barzó , P , Beauvais , R , Beer , R , Bellander , B M , Belli , A , Benali , H , Berardino , M , Beretta , L , Blaabjerg , M , Bragge , P , Brazinova , A , Brinck , V , Brooker , J , Brorsson , C , Buki , A , Bullinger , M , Cabeleira , M , Caccioppola , A , Calappi , E , Calvi , M R , Cameron , P , Lozano , G C , Carbonara , M , Cavallo , S , Chevallard , G , Chieregato , A , Ceyisakar , I , Coburn , M , Coles , J , Kondziella , D & The CENTER-TBI investigators and participants 2020 , ' How do 66 European institutional review boards approve one protocol for an international prospective observational study on traumatic brain injury? Experiences from the CENTER-TBI study ' , BMC Medical Ethics , vol. 21 , no. 1 , 36 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-020-00480-8
Background: The European Union (EU) aims to optimize patient protection and efficiency of health-care research by harmonizing procedures across Member States. Nonetheless, further improvements are required to increase multicenter research efficiency. We investigated IRB procedures in a large prospective European multicenter study on traumatic brain injury (TBI), aiming to inform and stimulate initiatives to improve efficiency. Methods: We reviewed relevant documents regarding IRB submission and IRB approval from European neurotrauma centers participating in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI). Documents included detailed information on IRB procedures and the duration from IRB submission until approval(s). They were translated and analyzed to determine the level of harmonization of IRB procedures within Europe. Results: From 18 countries, 66 centers provided the requested documents. The primary IRB review was conducted centrally (N = 11, 61%) or locally (N = 7, 39%) and primary IRB approval was obtained after one (N = 8, 44%), two (N = 6, 33%) or three (N = 4, 23%) review rounds with a median duration of respectively 50 and 98 days until primary IRB approval. Additional IRB approval was required in 55% of countries and could increase duration to 535 days. Total duration from submission until required IRB approval was obtained was 114 days (IQR 75-224) and appeared to be shorter after submission to local IRBs compared to central IRBs (50 vs. 138 days, p = 0.0074). Conclusion: We found variation in IRB procedures between and within European countries. There were differences in submission and approval requirements, number of review rounds and total duration. Research collaborations could benefit from the implementation of more uniform legislation and regulation while acknowledging local cultural habits and moral values between countries.
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Background: The burden of traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses a large public health and societal problem, but the characteristics of patients and their care pathways in Europe are poorly understood. We aimed to characterise patient case-mix, care pathways, and outcomes of TBI. Methods: CENTER-TBI is a Europe-based, observational cohort study, consisting of a core study and a registry. Inclusion criteria for the core study were a clinical diagnosis of TBI, presentation fewer than 24 h after injury, and an indication for CT. Patients were differentiated by care pathway and assigned to the emergency room (ER) stratum (patients who were discharged from an emergency room), admission stratum (patients who were admitted to a hospital ward), or intensive care unit (ICU) stratum (patients who were admitted to the ICU). Neuroimages and biospecimens were stored in repositories and outcome was assessed at 6 months after injury. We used the IMPACT core model for estimating the expected mortality and proportion with unfavourable Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) outcomes in patients with moderate or severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score ≤12). The core study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02210221, and with Resource Identification Portal (RRID: SCR_015582). Findings: Data from 4509 patients from 18 countries, collected between Dec 9, 2014, and Dec 17, 2017, were analysed in the core study and from 22 782 patients in the registry. In the core study, 848 (19%) patients were in the ER stratum, 1523 (34%) in the admission stratum, and 2138 (47%) in the ICU stratum. In the ICU stratum, 720 (36%) patients had mild TBI (GCS score 13–15). Compared with the core cohort, the registry had a higher proportion of patients in the ER (9839 [43%]) and admission (8571 [38%]) strata, with more than 95% of patients classified as having mild TBI. Patients in the core study were older than those in previous studies (median age 50 years [IQR 30–66], 1254 [28%] aged >65 years), 462 (11%) had serious comorbidities, 772 (18%) were taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication, and alcohol was contributory in 1054 (25%) TBIs. MRI and blood biomarker measurement enhanced characterisation of injury severity and type. Substantial inter-country differences existed in care pathways and practice. Incomplete recovery at 6 months (GOSE <8) was found in 207 (30%) patients in the ER stratum, 665 (53%) in the admission stratum, and 1547 (84%) in the ICU stratum. Among patients with moderate-to-severe TBI in the ICU stratum, 623 (55%) patients had unfavourable outcome at 6 months (GOSE <5), similar to the proportion predicted by the IMPACT prognostic model (observed to expected ratio 1·06 [95% CI 0·97–1·14]), but mortality was lower than expected (0·70 [0·62–0·76]). Interpretation: Patients with TBI who presented to European centres in the core study were older than were those in previous observational studies and often had comorbidities. Overall, most patients presented with mild TBI. The incomplete recovery of many patients should motivate precision medicine research and the identification of best practices to improve these outcomes. Funding: European Union 7th Framework Programme, the Hannelore Kohl Stiftung, OneMind, and Integra LifeSciences Corporation.nd outcomes of TBI.
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Background: The European Union (EU) aims to optimize patient protection and efficiency of health-care research by harmonizing procedures across Member States. Nonetheless, further improvements are required to increase multicenter research efficiency. We investigated IRB procedures in a large prospective European multicenter study on traumatic brain injury (TBI), aiming to inform and stimulate initiatives to improve efficiency. Methods: We reviewed relevant documents regarding IRB submission and IRB approval from European neurotrauma centers participating in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI). Documents included detailed information on IRB procedures and the duration from IRB submission until approval(s). They were translated and analyzed to determine the level of harmonization of IRB procedures within Europe. Results: From 18 countries, 66 centers provided the requested documents. The primary IRB review was conducted centrally (N = 11, 61%) or locally (N = 7, 39%) and primary IRB approval was obtained after one (N = 8, 44%), two (N = 6, 33%) or three (N = 4, 23%) review rounds with a median duration of respectively 50 and 98 days until primary IRB approval. Additional IRB approval was required in 55% of countries and could increase duration to 535 days. Total duration from submission until required IRB approval was obtained was 114 days (IQR 75-224) and appeared to be shorter after submission to local IRBs compared to central IRBs (50 vs. 138 days, p = 0.0074). Conclusion: We found variation in IRB procedures between and within European countries. There were differences in submission and approval requirements, number of review rounds and total duration. Research collaborations could benefit from the implementation of more uniform legislation and regulation while acknowledging local cultural habits and moral values between countries. ; Peer reviewed
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Purpose: Enrolling traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with an inability to provide informed consent in research is challenging. Alternatives to patient consent are not sufficiently embedded in European and national legislation, which allows procedural variation and bias. We aimed to quantify variations in informed consent policy and practice. Methods: Variation was explored in the CENTER-TBI study. Policies were reported by using a questionnaire and national legislation. Data on used informed consent procedures were available for 4498 patients from 57 centres across 17 European countries. Results: Variation in the use of informed consent procedures was found between and within EU member states. Proxy informed consent (N = 1377;64%) was the most frequently used type of consent in the ICU, followed by patient informed consent (N = 426;20%) and deferred consent (N = 334;16%). Deferred consent was only actively used in 15 centres (26%), although it was considered valid in 47 centres (82%). Conclusions: Alternatives to patient consent are essential for TBI research. While there seems to be concordance amongst national legislations, there is regional variability in institutional practices with respect to the use of different informed consent procedures. Variation could be caused by several reasons, including inconsistencies in clear legislation or knowledge of such legislation amongst researchers. ; Peer reviewed
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Abstract: Background: The European Union (EU) aims to optimize patient protection and efficiency of health-care research by harmonizing procedures across Member States. Nonetheless, further improvements are required to increase multicenter research efficiency. We investigated IRB procedures in a large prospective European multicenter study on traumatic brain injury (TBI), aiming to inform and stimulate initiatives to improve efficiency. Methods: We reviewed relevant documents regarding IRB submission and IRB approval from European neurotrauma centers participating in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI). Documents included detailed information on IRB procedures and the duration from IRB submission until approval(s). They were translated and analyzed to determine the level of harmonization of IRB procedures within Europe. Results: From 18 countries, 66 centers provided the requested documents. The primary IRB review was conducted centrally (N = 11, 61%) or locally (N = 7, 39%) and primary IRB approval was obtained after one (N = 8, 44%), two (N = 6, 33%) or three (N = 4, 23%) review rounds with a median duration of respectively 50 and 98 days until primary IRB approval. Additional IRB approval was required in 55% of countries and could increase duration to 535 days. Total duration from submission until required IRB approval was obtained was 114 days (IQR 75–224) and appeared to be shorter after submission to local IRBs compared to central IRBs (50 vs. 138 days, p = 0.0074). Conclusion: We found variation in IRB procedures between and within European countries. There were differences in submission and approval requirements, number of review rounds and total duration. Research collaborations could benefit from the implementation of more uniform legislation and regulation while acknowledging local cultural habits and moral values between countries.
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