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Questo articolo è dedicato ai modi in cui i protagonisti e gli osservatori della Rivoluzione francese hanno usato due esempi storici di congiura (quella di Catilina del I secolo a.C. e quella culminata con l'eccidio degli ugonotti nella notte di San Bartolomeo tra il 23 e 24 agosto 1572) per interpretare, prevedere e condizionare gli eventi rivoluzionari. L'obiettivo è dimostrare come la Rivoluzione, nonostante la sua originalità e le sue innumerevoli innovazioni, sia stata a più riprese paragonata ad una cospirazione, tanto dai suoi fautori quanto dai suoi critici. Il testo, dopo aver ragionato in generale sul ruolo che ha avuto l'analogia storica nella Grande Rivoluzione, si sofferma su alcuni esempi di uso politico dei due precedenti storici avvenuti tra la presa della Bastiglia e il 1796. Quest'ultimo è l'anno in cui lo scrittore e giornalista monarchico Galart de Montjoie (già autore nel 1795 dell'Histoire de la conjuration de Robespierre) pubblica l'Histoire de la conjuration d'Orléans, proprio mentre il rivoluzionario Gracchus Babeuf viene arrestato dal Direttorio con l'accusa di aver organizzato una cospirazione à la Catilina.

International audience ; This article is dedicated to the use of the English republican history (1649-1660) in France, from the fall of Robespierre to the first anniversary of the Napoleon's rise to power (1794-1800). The analysis focuses on the role played by the English precedent during the crucial junctures that have marked the existence of the French Republic, from Thermidor to end of the Directory. This part is preceded by a critical review of the recent historiographical debate on the link between Republicanism and French Revolution and it concludes with a brief reflection on the consequences induced by the revolutionary experience on the ideas of revolution and republic. ; Cet article s'intérese à l'usage de l'histoire de l'Angleterre entre 1649 et 1660 durant la période du Directoire. L'analyse est centrée sur le précédent anglais. La démonstration s'appuie sur la reconstruction du récent débat historiographique sur républicanisme et Révolution française, en tenant compte des textes anglais lus, traduits et discutés par les hommes du Directoire. Comment à 150 ans d'écart vont jouer les différences et les rapprochements entre les deux pays, et qu'en tirer pour l'analyse d'une révolution interminable ou d'une république difficile à stabiliser ? Comme dans l'Angleterre de 1660, la menace d'un général plane.

pt. I. Theories -- 1. Optimal growth theory revisited / Olivier de la Grandville -- 2. Continuous-time approach modelling in an application to the Italian economy / Daniela Federici and Enrico Saltari -- 3. The role of demand factors in the determination of the GDP growth rate / Renato Paniccia and Stefano Prezioso -- 4. Financial crises, limited-asset market participation, and banks' balance-sheet constraints / Elton Beqiraj, Giovanni di Bartolomeo, and Marco di Pietro -- 5. Secular stagnation : insights from a New Keynesian model with hysteresis effects / Bas Van Aarle -- pt. II. Policies -- 6. Public finance and optimal inflation rate / Giovanni di Bartolomeo and Patrizio Tirelli -- 7. The long-term effects of government budget constraints on GDP growth : an empirical study on OECD countries (1980-2009) / Silvia Fedeli and Francesco Forte -- 8. On productivity as an intermediate target for economic policy / Andrew Hughes Hallett -- 9. Unifying framework for the evaluation of the composition of foreign exchange reserves for emerging economies : the case of South Africa / Lebogang Meteane and Willi Semmler -- 10. Search frictions and the long-run effects of labor-market policies / Giuseppe Ciccarone, Francesco Giuli, and Enrico Marchetti.

If homes can be seen as a microcosm that interfaces with wider political, social and economic (national and transnational) processes, in relation to migration homes are to be considered a crucial site of 'everyday bordering', the separation between migrants and non-migrants which takes place in everyday encounters. In this light, this chapter elaborates on the fact that for migrants the homes in which they live in the host-country often do not correspond to the homes where they live or used to live with their family. In particular, it discusses the fact that migrants, especially women, often live together with the family of their employers for whom they work as nannies, cleaners or caregivers, and thus such homes are both their accommodation and their workplace.

Environment is a public good whose preservation requires some type of intervention. Use of natural resources for economic activities should be regulated by the local communities; however, this can have in turn external effects on other communities. Environment then takes the double nature of local and global public good, requiring intervention of different levels of governments, whose interplay may raise further conflicts. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we survey the literature on conflicts arising from the alternative uses of land and natural resources and discuss the effects and policy implications of the interplay between different governments. Second, we focus on the role of strategic interactions in the environmental governance and the implied policy trade-offs and present a formal policy game with potential conflicts between central and local authorities. The model aims to describe the circumstances according to which the lack of coordination between local and central authorities leads to under- or over- provision of natural resources and environment preservation.

Paid reproductive work, especially in the case of cleaning and home-care for elderly people, is an important sector for foreign women in Italy. For this reason, since the beginning of the current economic crisis, scholars have wondered about the impact of the recession on migrant domestic workers. They have looked particularly at possible competition with Italian women entering the sector for lack of better alternatives. Our paper takes this discussion a step further by assessing the overall changes affecting migrant women in the Italian labour market, 2007-2012. We will look at how their position has been transformed, by taking both an ethnic perspective, in relation to Italian women, and a gender perspective, in relation to migrant men. By way of a conclusion, the argument will be made that there is a substantial lack of competition between Italian and foreign women in the care and domestic sector due to differences in their earnings, hours of work and activities.