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Evidence-based research is widely recognized as an essential input in effective economic policymaking. However, for the results of their research to influence policy, the research community must overcome a variety of challenges, including the absence of adequate and relevant data, differences of research results on the same policy issue, and deficiencies in effectively communicating policy conclusions to the policymakers. This paper stresses the need for increased investment in the generation of adequate and relevant data, and the responsibility of the researchers to seek to reach a consensus or narrow the range of and explain the reasons for their differences, thus enabling the policymakers to exercise their judgment. The direct and indirect channels through which effective interaction between the researchers and policymakers can be enhanced are examined. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; D.1 Agriculture's role in national development strategy; ; DGO

This paper illustrates how the evolution of input/output policies in the food-grain sector in Bangladesh have been the result of interaction between various interest groups such as agricultural/rural and industrial/urban groups. The interaction between the diverse viewpoints and responsibilities of the various policymaking institutions engaged in making and implementing foodgrain policies have also affected the decisions of the government. In many instances, the donors engaged in financing development projects/programs in the relevant sectors/projects exercised varying degrees of influence on policy decisions. In a few instances, they joined hands with social scientists/economists in the government or in national think tanks who shared similar views. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1 ; MTID; DGO

In most developing countries, the rural labor force is growing rapidly, but rural employment opportunities are dwindling. This paper brings together empirical evidence on the nonfarm sector and analyzes policies for its future development. It examines the linkages between the farm and nonfarm sectors and between the nonfarm sector and urban enterprises, and considers ways the government can promote rural employment. ; PR ; IFPRI1; 2020 ; DGO

This paper examined the micro-finance services towards empowerment of unprivileged women in the southwestern part of Bangladesh. A sample of 300 low profile unprivileged micro-finance service receiving women equally from rural and urban areas of Khulna district were surveyed during May, 2018. Data were collected on the usage and effectiveness of micro-finance services and were analyzed using STATA 12. Multiple regression model and descriptive statistics were used to interpret data. Economic empowerment, social empowerment, interpersonal empowerment and political empowerment were considered to measure women empowerment. The study found that proper use of microcredit, marital status of women, educational status of women and their husbands, personal income and their position in the family were the main determinants of women empowerment. Women empowerment score remained higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The availability of micro-finance services improved the status of unprivileged low profile suburban women in terms of income generation, saving mobilization, the creation of household assets and overall poverty reduction of rural women. Thus, microfinance has been a useful tool for women empowerment and economic development in both areas but more effective in urban areas.

IFPRI5 ; Non-PR ; xl, 416 p. : ill., tables ; 23 cm.

In dieser Arbeit geht es um den Vergleich von zwei unterschiedlichen Rechtssystemen: dem traditionellen Kanun bei den Albanern und dem modernen staatlichen Recht. Diese werden von Seiten zwei verschiedener Rechtsgebiete (dem zivil- und strafrechtlichen Bereich) in Albanien und im Kosovo behandelt. Das Strafrecht dient dabei dem Schutz von Rechtsgütern und kann im Kanun ebenso nach einem Ausgleich für eine Rechtsverletzung zwischen Privaten suchen (entweder Blutrache und oder Wiedergutmachung des Schadens). Hierbei werden passende Beispiele aus der Literatur, aus staatlichen Gerichten und aus Interviews mit außergerichtlichen Konfliktschlichtern und Ältesten angeführt. Des Weiteren werden die Mechanismen der außergerichtlichen Konfliktschlichtung dargestellt, wie sie in der Lebenspraxis angewandt sind, wie weit sie erfolgreich waren und ob sie es noch heutzutage sind. Dr. Islam Qerimi, LL.M., geboren 1967 in Dumnica e Poshtme (Kosovo), schloss sein Diplomstudium der Rechtswissenschaften an der Universität von Prishtina, sein Magisterstudium der Rechtswissenschaften an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum und sein Doktoratsstudium an der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Wien erfolgreich ab. Außerdem hat er eine Ausbildung zum Mediator und systemischen Coach am Radius Institut für Kommunikation und Konfliktmanagement Lübeck erfolgreich absolviert. Bereits während der Tätigkeit des Dozenten im Kosovo sammelte der Autor umfassende theoretische und praktische Erfahrungen im Gewohnheitsrecht der Albaner. Fasziniert vom albanischen Gewohnheitsrecht und den Kanunen hielt sich der Autor mehrmals in Albanien auf, um die Besonderheiten des Kanun als Primärquelle des albanischen Gewohnheitsrechts kennenzulernen. Seine alltägliche Wahrnehmung in der Jugendzeit mit verschiedenen Aspekten des albanischen Gewohnheitsrechts motivierte ihn, sich der Thematik des vorliegenden Buches näher zu widmen.

Introduction : progress contra evolution -- Elusiveness and necessity of justice : a political exposition -- Avatar : a political cinema -- Theology and ideology : political reading of Islamic discourses -- The promise of alternative : transforming capitalism? -- Public protests and ethics of dissent in our times -- South Asian counter narratives -- Dilemma of Muslim belonging in modern South Asia -- Majoritarian nationalism in India -- Rightwing populism and political rhetoric in contemporary India -- Electoral democracy and state populism in India -- Fortunes of radicalism : Indian Maoists and the parliamentary left.