Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1. Personalistic regimes and the processes of governance -- Chapter 2. Providing goods: health mandates and authoritarian performance -- Chapter 3. Managing actors: faulty controls and flawed performance -- Chapter 4. Constructing the oversight: organizational atrophy and particularized exchanges -- Chapter 5. Securitizing the epidemic: ideological adaptations and illiberal meanings -- Chapter 6. Conclusions, implications, and dashed hopes.

The book is the first attempt to investigate how and to what extent authoritarian (personalistic) regimes fail to provide fundamental goods and services. For two decades, Russian authorities spent much effort and money to improve health administration, but most success stories are borderline fake. The failure is by design; because personalistic regimes rely on personalized exchanges and bargains instead of impersonal rules and permanent organizations, all actors put self-interest ahead of patients needs. It is a severe problem because authoritarian principals proclaim social betterment as their central goal -- and many Russians take such claims at face value -- but incentivize their agents to imitate progress and tolerate slipshod performance. The benefits of this investigation are three-fold. First, the book provides an analytical framework of bad governance rooted in the rational institutionalist tradition and connected to competence-control theory. Second, it gives a general readership interested in how Russia works a sense of the key political players mindset and the regime-induced constraints under which elites operate. Third, although the book investigates health governance exclusively, its analytical framework is portable to other issue areas and could be applied to explain how and why Russia evolved into an ineffective, coercive, and predatory state under Putins leadership. Vlad Kravtsov is Associate Professor of Political Science & Law at Spring Hill College, the US. .

Today, international commercial arbitration remains one of the most effective ways to resolve disputes complicated by a foreign element. Parties to a dispute, preferring arbitration, wish to obtain the desired result in the shortest possible time. This is achieved because the parties to the arbitration proceedings themselves are endowed with an arsenal of rights that are not inherent in national courts: the right to choose a particular arbitration, the composition of the arbitral tribunal, and the law to be applied in the dispute. This is a manifestation of the "autonomy of will" of the parties to the dispute. However, despite such a broad scope of powers, some powers of the arbitral tribunal, which is chosen by the parties, cannot be limited. Although the discretionary powers of international commercial arbitration are regulated by national arbitration laws and rules, their exercise may sometimes contradict the fundamental principles and standards of effective arbitration. One of such powers is the right to determine the format of arbitration hearings, since it is by exercising this right that the arbitral tribunal may make its own decision without taking into account the views of the parties to the dispute. The article provides a comparative legal analysis of arbitration legislation, rules and law enforcement practice of national courts with regard to the possibility of determining a virtual hearing as the most efficient format for consideration of a case. Particular attention is paid to the imperfection of Ukrainian legislative regulation and the lack of a single, consistent court practice on these issues. Therefore, the conclusions propose to eliminate the shortcomings in the legal consolidation of such definitional constructs as "hearing" and "oral hearing".

The functioning of the union of countries with various political, economic, social, and cultural orientations is an important question, which lies in the feasibility of such a union. The United Kingdom is one of the countries that had a peculiar national development strategy that became inconsistent with the pan-European direction. Resolving the problems that have arisen within the framework of cooperation between the UK and the European Union is important to ensure the continued future existence of the EU and to maintain stability in Europe as a whole. The disadvantages and problems that resulted from Brexit could have a major impact on the EU, as the UK was one of the largest and most influential members of the EU. The purpose of this study was to examine the consequences of Britain's withdrawal from the EU for Ukraine and Europe as a whole. It is also possible to explore potential opportunities for further development of relations between Ukraine and the UK, given the new conditions after the UK's exit from the EU. The study used such scientific methods as chronological, comparative, and historical, systematisation, analysis and synthesis, generalisation, and graphical. The main results of the study of the topic are to determine the history of Britain's existence in the European Union, to substantiate the specific features of political behaviour in the Union, to identify the reasons and factors that influenced the country's withdrawal from the European Union. One of the tasks was to investigate the direction of the UK's international strategy towards Ukraine. The study analysed the development of Ukrainian-British relations in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The paper described the consequences of Britain's withdrawal for Europe and Ukraine. The study showed the directions of Britain's foreign policy towards Ukraine in 1992-2016. The problems and prospects of Ukrainian-British relations after Britain's withdrawal from the European Union were considered. This study can help communications professionals understand how to communicate Brexit to the general public in Ukraine and Europe. The study can also help in understanding how to interact with British colleagues working in the field of international relations and trade

Timely optimisation of accounts receivable is important for the development of business and the overall economy, because it actively contributes to reducing the "frozen" debt funds, reducing the need for additional sources of financing, and, accordingly, increases the company's liquidity, which, in turn, improves its reputation as a reliable partner. Due to the imperfection of the financial system and the unpopularity of modern debt optimisation measures at Ukrainian enterprises, it is particularly relevant to analyse the real problems of forming accounts receivable and investigate promising areas for its reduction. The purpose of the study is to consider and test innovative financial methods for optimising counterparty debt to the enterprise in Ukraine, including factoring and insurance of accounts receivable. The practical significance of the study is as follows: based on the analysis of the current state of accounts receivable, the use of factoring services for its optimisation is proposed; using the modelling method, key forecast indicators of liquidity at the enterprise under study are determined, the areas of insurance of accounts receivable are formed, the effectiveness of the proposed measures is substantiated. The study summarises the theoretical foundations of optimising accounts receivable in the system of ensuring the efficiency of an enterprise. The analysis of the financial and economic state of the business is carried out. The analytical support of a system of indicators and assessment of the quality of accounts receivable generation is investigated. Forecasting and optimisation of the level of accounts receivable based on innovative financial methods was performed to ensure effective business operations. Ways to improve the management of accounts receivable of the enterprise are provided. The positive impact of measures on the efficiency of the enterprise based on financial indicators – liquidity and turnover ratios – is proved. The problems of widespread use of the proposed methodology are indicated, and suggestions for solving these problems are given. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the applied orientation of innovative financial methods described in the paper, the use of which will improve the process of optimising accounts receivable at the enterprise level, improve the process of managing accounts receivable, increase the level of liquidity and profitability of the business. The materials of the study would be useful for researchers who deal with the management and optimisation of accounts receivable, and can be comprehensively used in the business activities of "Energo Zbut Trans" LLC.

The paper explores the issues on the enforcement of judgments and its effectiveness, as well as the access to justice in civil cases. Based on the materials analyzed, the nature of the execution of civil decisions and enforcement proceedings in general is clarified. The abuse of law in the execution of court decisions is investigated. Based on the above analysis, the following types are distinguished: abuse by the claimant of the right to choose the place of enforcement proceedings commencing, the registration by the debtor at his place of residence (which is the sole property of the debtor that can be recovered) of a minor child, the cancellation of the results of electronic bidding through formal technical mistakes of the electronic auction organizer, abuse of the debtor's right to privacy, the initiation of parallel litigation by the debtor on the results of electronic bid- ding while the new owner sues the court to remove obstacles to the use of the premises and evictions, contemptuous attitude of enforcement pro- ceedings participants to the executor while the complaint against the executor's actions is under the court's consideration. The availability of justice in civil cases and the effectiveness of the mechanism for the protection of rights, freedoms and interests are directly linked to the observance of the requirement for irrevocable implementation of court decisions at the level of national law and the existence of effective enforcement mechanisms. The question of the nature of enforcement proceedings and their place in the legal system remains debatable in the civil procedural literature. As a rule, consideration of abuse of procedural rights is conducted in two directions, which do not exclude each other – from the point of view of the evaluation of abuse as a negative procedural phenomenon oranalysis of certain forms of abuse of procedural rights. There are also studies that deny the legitimacy of the design abuse of procedural rights.

The appeal of the international commercial arbitration awards is a major issue in the dispute settlement mechanism for arbitration governed by multilateral conventions, bilateral treaties and national laws, as well as by the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958. Notwithstanding the importance of the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958, it restricts to a certain extent the scope of legal protection of arbitral awards, as it leaves national courts to challenge them by the way of possible annulment, and national courts when considering petitions for annulment decisions are vested in the power to revoke such decisions. In this respect, the resolution of these issues may raise the issue of the correlation between the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards 1958 and domestic legislation of the countries in which the relevant decision may be challenged. The specific of the international commercial arbitration decision is that it cannot be appealed to any higher court. However, the absence of any form of control over the arbitral award could lead to the enforcement of such decisions, which, if rendered within the judicial system, would be overturned or modified by a higher court. Therefore, there is an institution for challenging arbitral awards in national courts. Due to the fact that the arbitration award is a form of control by national courts, the regulation of this institution is defined in the legislation of each individual country, and at the international legal level only certain aspects are regulated. These are the European Convention of 1961 and the New York Convention of 1958.

The article examines the sociological construct of the profession and its varieties in the theoretical and methodological context.Proven that there is an eclectic understanding of the profession as a social phenomenon: the main feature is not enough careful attention of scientists to the isolation from the labor activity of a person of concepts: profession, occupation, qualification, position, working place, profession, specialization. Takes place a small number of studies of the structure of professions; unclear prospect of studying the subject of sociology of professions with different interpretations of the conceptual apparatus etc.