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AbstractDuring the period 1993–95, four engineering companies were involved in six separate projects entailing the construction of a motorway to replace the existing A74 Glasgow – Carlisle trunk road. The construction contracts were undertaken in a rural part of south‐west Scotland. This paper describes (i) the events which led to the serious pollution of rivers, (ii) the prosecution of offenders, and (iii) measures which have been taken to ensure that future road‐construction projects in Scotland do not impact upon the aquatic environment.

AbstractThis study examines the effects of timber preservative spillages on the ecology of the River Lossie whilst the river's quality was recovering following the removal of an unsatisfactory discharge of sewage effluent. The effects of spillages on a minor tributary of the River Lossie are also presented.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Aid Process -- Introduction -- The Total Volume of Aid -- The Share Received by Different Countries -- How the Aid is Used -- Implementation and Follow-up -- Conclusion -- 3. Leverage -- Donor Self-interest -- The Interest of the Recipient -- Efficiency and Good Management -- Terms of Aid -- Multilateral and Bilateral Donors -- The Role of Technical Assistance -- The Merits and Demerits of Leverage -- Conclusion -- 4. Motives and Interests -- Politicians on the Donor Side -- Civil Servants on the Donor Side -- Politicians on the Recipient Side -- Civil Servants on the Recipient Side -- The Intermediaries -- Conclusion -- 5. The Problems of Foreign Aid -- Delay -- Lack of Results -- Inequitable Benefits -- Unwanted Side Effects -- Maintenance -- Profligate Use of Capital and Foreign Exchange -- Lack of Skilled Manpower -- The Formation of an Alien Elite -- Conclusion -- 6. Alternatives -- Trade -- Investment -- Migration -- Financing Recurrent Costs -- Financing Local Costs -- Programme not Project Aid -- Untying Aid -- Multilateral not Bilateral Aid -- Country or Sector Concentration -- Continuity within the Recipient Country -- Improved Project Identification and Preparation -- Use of Non-governmental Organisations -- Emphasis on Training -- Increasing Personal Contact -- Automatic Transfers -- 7. Conclusion -- Statistical Appendix -- Index.

Despite its dramatic proliferation and diversification in recent decades, supervisory forms of punishment in the community (like probation, parole and unpaid work) have been largely invisible in scholarly and public discussion of criminal justice and its development in late-modern societies. The long-standing pre-occupation with the prison, and more recent concerns about 'mass incarceration' have allowed the emergence of 'mass supervision' to remain in the shadows. Pervasive Punishment insists that we remedy this neglect and exemplifies how we can do so. Drawing on thirty years of personal, practice and research experiences, it offers a compelling and rich account of the scale and social distribution of mass supervision, of the processes by which it has been legitimated, and of how it is experienced by those subject to it. Its innovative approach invites readers to look at, listen to and imagine punishment beyond the prison, through the use of innovative and creative methods including photography, song-writing and story-telling to explore and to represent 'mass supervision'. By so doing, this book offers new insights into how and why combining social science and creative practice can help develop a different kind of democratic dialogue about contentious social issues like crime and punishment. Though focused on the UK and the USA, the methods used in and analysis developed in this book will be of interest to scholars, students and practitioners elsewhere.

"Gestures are fundamental to the way we communicate, yet our understanding of this communicative impulse is clouded by a number of ingrained assumptions. Are gestures merely ornamentation to speech? Are they simply an 'add-on' to spoken language? Why do we gesture? These and other questions are addressed in this fascinating book. McNeill explains that the common view of language and gesture as separate entities is misinformed: language is inseparable from gesture. There is gesture-speech unity. Containing over 100 illustrations, Why We Gesture provides visual evidence to support the book's central argument that gestures orchestrate speech. This compelling book will be welcomed by students and researchers working in linguistics, psychology and communication"--

Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction: Questions, Questions, Questions -- References -- Why Do People Commit Crimes? -- What Is Criminology? -- What Are Crimes and Who Are Criminals? -- Implications for Probation Policy and Practice -- The Search for a Difference -- Implications for Probation Policy and Practice -- Perhaps There Is No Difference: (i) Labelling -- Implications for Probation Policy and Practice -- Perhaps There Is No Difference: (ii) Rational Choice -- Implications for Probation Policy and Practice -- Better Questions: Control Theory and Desistance

New Europe: Imagined Spaces traces the radical transformation of European places and spaces over the last two decades. Instead of the familiar 'schoolbook' map of a Europe of nation-states, the book unpacks the differing imaginations of European identity in recent years. Taking as its central problem the fluid nature of cultural and political identity, it moves firmly away from - and calls into question - the perspective of the nation-state as the primary source of imagined identity for Europeans. The book contributes to key debates, such as the emerging Europe of the Regions and the return o

Intro -- NATIONAL SUICIDE PREVENTION STRATEGY GOALS, OBJECTIVES, RESOURCES -- NATIONAL SUICIDE PREVENTION STRATEGY GOALS, OBJECTIVES, RESOURCES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 2012 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR SUICIDE PREVENTION: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR ACTION* -- PREFACE FROM THE SURGEON GENERAL -- FROM THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SUICIDE PREVENTION -- FROM THE NATIONAL ACTION ALLIANCE FOR SUICIDE PREVENTION -- NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR SUICIDE PREVENTION TASK FORCE -- Co-Leads -- Task Force Members -- DEDICATION -- INTRODUCTION -- Understanding Suicide -- Risk and Protective Factors -- The Prevalence of Suicidal Behaviors -- Differences among Groups -- Preventing Suicide -- Evidence-Based and Promising Practices -- The 2012 National Strategy for Suicide Prevention -- Organization of the 2012 National Strategy for Suicide Prevention -- Looking Ahead -- Identifying Priority Areas for Action -- Potential Effect on Suicide-Related Morbidity and Mortality -- Existing Opportunities for Action -- Availability of Data for Measuring Progress -- Partners and Roles -- STRATEGIC DIRECTION 1: HEALTHY AND EMPOWERED INDIVIDUALS FAMILIES, AND COMMUNITIES -- Goal 1. Integrate and Coordinate Suicide Prevention Activities across Multiple Sectors and Settings -- Objective 1.1: Integrate Suicide Prevention into the Values, Culture, Leadership, and Work of a Broad Range of Organizations and Programs with a Role to Support Suicide Prevention Activities -- Objective 1.2: Establish Effective, Sustainable, and Collaborative Suicide Prevention Programming at the State/Territorial, Tribal, and Local Levels -- Objective 1.3: Sustain and Strengthen Collaborations across Federal Agencies to Advance Suicide Prevention -- Objective 1.4: Develop and Sustain Public-Private Partnerships to Advance Suicide Prevention

Preface: whatever happened to realism? -- Introduction: only connect globalisation and the problem of realism -- Methodological problems of the strike novel: the case of gb84 -- "Edging back into awareness": realisms of the globalised city -- Regeneration: the historical novel after postmodernism -- Maurice Gee's marginal realism -- Conclusion: realism in the valley of its saying