Suchergebnisse

Urgency of the research. Ukraine has made a European choice as the main direction of its state policy, both internal and external, whose ultimate goal should be the full membership in the European Union. However, it is necessary to consider that the access to world markets and formation of an open economy also mean an internal stability of the economy and financial system of the state. Target setting. The financial system of Ukraine in modern conditions is influenced by a number of threats, that are negatively affecting the level of financial security. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Fundamental research focused on problems of financial security of Ukraine, which became the basis for the development of scientific theory of security in the field of public finance, have been done in writings of A. Baranovsky, M. Ermoshenko, V. Muntiyan, A. Sukhorukov. Today a large number of works is devoting to the study of particular aspects and components of the financial security of the state. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The variability of the external environment and recent events in the European Union require in-depth study of the influence of integration processes on the financial security of Ukraine. The research objective. The main aim of the article is to summarize the issues and systematize the ways of providing financial security of Ukraine in conditions of European integration processes. The statement of basic materials. Research conducted by the author showed that the domestic financial system is very vulnerable to external and internal threats. The author has analyzed the dynamics of key macroeconomic indicators and indicators of financial security of the state during 2007-2015. The threats that are most significant for the financial security of the state have been highlighted. The author considered the possible implications of the European skepticism on the financial security of Ukraine, and the directions to increase the level of financial security in the modern world. Conclusions. The government of Ukraine should focus on domestic reforms, the creation of living standards, economics and politics in Ukraine, which are as close as possible to European. Only then it is possible to implement effective mechanisms aimed at neutralizing, minimizing the impact and eliminating the phenomena and factors leading to the creation of external and internal threats to the state's financial security.

Exploring the peculiarities and trends in innovation development in modern conditions is based on defining its new characteristics caused by postindustrial transformations. The aim of writing this article is to study the main elements of open national innovation systems and trends of their integration into international innovation cooperation. In the course of performing the set tasks, we used methods of system and structural–functional analysis to substantiate the main components of open innovation systems and the trends in their formation and operation. It was stressed that the main characteristics of open innovation systems are innovation entrepreneurship, innovation networks, innovation cooperation and partnership, innovation clusters and ecosystems. The driving force of modern innovation process is the entrepreneurial innovation activity, covering all stages and areas of system innovation process, relying on innovations in technology, management, market, social and providing for innovative development of the society. It was discovered that the innovative collaboration involves its participants in the innovation process with the use of such forms as technology transfer, information exchange, research and educational programs, commercial exchange of innovative products. Innovation partnership combines innovation resources and activities of the participants - setting up innovative enterprises, joint implementation of innovative projects. In the modern period, innovation collaboration and partnership develop at the level of corporations, industries and sectors of national economy and on the international level. Development of innovative cooperation and partnership depends on the formation and status of innovation ecosystems as the medium of open innovations. Influenced by global factors, the development of innovation clusters is characterized by the trend of internationalization of innovation activities on the basis of international cooperation among clusters of different countries. Innovation development leads to certain transformations in the human capital, growth in the level of its innovativeness and innovation. Internationalization of human capital in innovation occurs on the basis of the development of international scientific and technical cooperation and implementation of social humanitarian programs. Directions of formation of open innovation systems are the development of innovation entrepreneurship, innovation networks, innovation cooperation and partnership, innovation ecosystems and clusters. The core of open innovation systems is the human capital of innovation development. The scientific novelty of this research made it possible to determine the conditions and factors for the innovation systems to reach various levels of open nature and substantiation of their components and areas of internationalization. The practical significance of the obtained results is application of the materials of this paper by the subjects of innovation activity for managing the innovation process based on the principles of open innovations. Further research into defined scientific problem will be focused on the substantiation of features of renewal of human capital of open innovation systems.

У статті наведені основні фактори, що впливають на властивості автоматизованих систем військового призначення та визначають їх загальносистемні вимоги і відповідний науково-технічний рівень, аналіз якого дозволяє визначати момент необхідності проведення їх розробки або модернізації. ; В статье приведены основные факторы, которые влияют на свойства автоматизированных систем военного назначения и определяют их общесистемные требования и соответствующий научно-технический уровень, анализ которого позволяет установить момент необходимости проведения их разработки или модернизации. ; The article describes the major factors affecting the system-wide requirements and the related scientific and technical level, the analysis of which allows you to set the time of the need for their development or modernization.

В статті розглянуто метод об'єднання частот територіально розподілених зберігачів часу та частоти. Синтезовано модель формування похибки еталону у вигляді залежності нестабільності частоти від розмірності групи та часу вимірювання. Приведено результати дослідження запропонованої моделі. ; В статье рассмотрено метод объединения частот территориально распределенных хранителей времени и частоты. Синтезирована модель формирования погрешности эталона в виде зависимости нестабильности частоты от размерности группы и времени измерения. Наведены результаты исследования предложенной модели. ; The method of combining the frequency of distributed keepers of time and frequency is considered in the article. Model of the standard error as a function of frequency instability on the dimension, and time of measurement is synthesized. The results of a study of the model are shown.

The need for micro– and macro–prudential policies improvement arose as a result of the negative impact of the financial crisis of 2008–2009 in EU, which indicated the vulnerability of the financial services markets functioning.Existing at that time branched system of state regulation of financial services markets wasn't able to level the arising of systemic risk neither at national nor at supranational level. In this connection arises the question of immediately reforming of the state regulation of financial services markets at all levelsThe article investigates the impact of functioning of state regulation model in the sphere of non–banking financial services markets and its effectiveness in the latter's development. Qualitative and quantitative indices are distinguished, use of which in course of calculation contributed to objective assessment of the socio–economic conditions of the countries under study. The conducted investigation indicated that the full integration of microprudential regulation in the Central Bank does not provide maximum efficiency of the non–banking financial services markets functioning. It's proved that the Twin Peaks model has better indices than other models of financial services markets regulation in EU–countries ; Статья посвящена исследованию влияния функционирования модели государственного регулирования рынков небанковских финансовых услуг на эффективность развития последних. Выделены качественные и количественные показатели, использование которых при расчете оказывали содействие объективной оценке социально–экономического состояния исследуемых стран. Проведенное исследование указало на то, что полная интеграция микропруденциального регулирования в Центральном Банке не обеспечивает максимальную эффективность функционирования рынков небанковских финансовых услуг. Доказано, что модель «Twin Peaks» имеет лучшие характеристики, чем ряд других моделей регулирования рынков финансовых услуг. ; Стаття присвячена дослідженню впливу функціонування моделі державного регулювання ринків небанківських фінансових послуг на ефективність розвитку останніх. Виділено якісні та кількісні показники, використання яких при розрахунку сприяли об'єктивній оцінці соціально–економічного стану досліджуваних країн. Проведене дослідження вказало на те, що повна інтеграція мікропруденційного регулювання у Центральному Банку не забезпечує максимальну ефективність функціонування ринків небанківських фінансових послуг. Доведено, що модель «Twin Peaks» має кращі характеристики, ніж ряд інших моделей регулювання ринків фінансових послуг.

Objectives Illegal drug use continues to be a major threat to community health and safety. We used international drug surveillance databases to assess the relationship between multiple long-term estimates of illegal drug price and purity. Design We systematically searched for longitudinal measures of illegal drug supply indicators to assess the long-term impact of enforcement-based supply reduction interventions. Setting Data from identified illegal drug surveillance systems were analysed using an a priori defined protocol in which we sought to present annual estimates beginning in 1990. Data were then subjected to trend analyses. Main outcome measures Data were obtained from government surveillance systems assessing price, purity and/or seizure quantities of illegal drugs; systems with at least 10 years of longitudinal data assessing price, purity/potency or seizures were included. Results We identified seven regional/international metasurveillance systems with longitudinal measures of price or purity/potency that met eligibility criteria. In the USA, the average inflation-adjusted and purity-adjusted prices of heroin, cocaine and cannabis decreased by 81%, 80% and 86%, respectively, between 1990 and 2007, whereas average purity increased by 60%, 11% and 161%, respectively. Similar trends were observed in Europe, where during the same period the average inflation-adjusted price of opiates and cocaine decreased by 74% and 51%, respectively. In Australia, the average inflation-adjusted price of cocaine decreased 14%, while the inflation-adjusted price of heroin and cannabis both decreased 49% between 2000 and 2010. During this time, seizures of these drugs in major production regions and major domestic markets generally increased. Conclusions With few exceptions and despite increasing investments in enforcement-based supply reduction efforts aimed at disrupting global drug supply, illegal drug prices have generally decreased while drug purity has generally increased since 1990. These findings suggest that expanding efforts at controlling the global illegal drug market through law enforcement are failing. ; Medicine, Faculty of ; Other UBC ; Non UBC ; Reviewed ; Faculty ; Researcher ; Graduate

ObjectivesIllegal drug use continues to be a major threat to community health and safety. We used international drug surveillance databases to assess the relationship between multiple long-term estimates of illegal drug price and purity.DesignWe systematically searched for longitudinal measures of illegal drug supply indicators to assess the long-term impact of enforcement-based supply reduction interventions.SettingData from identified illegal drug surveillance systems were analysed using an a priori defined protocol in which we sought to present annual estimates beginning in 1990. Data were then subjected to trend analyses.Main outcome measuresData were obtained from government surveillance systems assessing price, purity and/or seizure quantities of illegal drugs; systems with at least 10 years of longitudinal data assessing price, purity/potency or seizures were included.ResultsWe identified seven regional/international metasurveillance systems with longitudinal measures of price or purity/potency that met eligibility criteria. In the USA, the average inflation-adjusted and purity-adjusted prices of heroin, cocaine and cannabis decreased by 81%, 80% and 86%, respectively, between 1990 and 2007, whereas average purity increased by 60%, 11% and 161%, respectively. Similar trends were observed in Europe, where during the same period the average inflation-adjusted price of opiates and cocaine decreased by 74% and 51%, respectively. In Australia, the average inflation-adjusted price of cocaine decreased 14%, while the inflation-adjusted price of heroin and cannabis both decreased 49% between 2000 and 2010. During this time, seizures of these drugs in major production regions and major domestic markets generally increased.ConclusionsWith few exceptions and despite increasing investments in enforcement-based supply reduction efforts aimed at disrupting global drug supply, illegal drug prices have generally decreased while drug purity has generally increased since 1990. These findings suggest that expanding efforts at controlling the global illegal drug market through law enforcement are failing.

ObjectivesIllegal drug use continues to be a major threat to community health and safety. We used international drug surveillance databases to assess the relationship between multiple long-term estimates of illegal drug price and purity.DesignWe systematically searched for longitudinal measures of illegal drug supply indicators to assess the long-term impact of enforcement-based supply reduction interventions.SettingData from identified illegal drug surveillance systems were analysed using an a priori defined protocol in which we sought to present annual estimates beginning in 1990. Data were then subjected to trend analyses.Main outcome measuresData were obtained from government surveillance systems assessing price, purity and/or seizure quantities of illegal drugs; systems with at least 10 years of longitudinal data assessing price, purity/potency or seizures were included.ResultsWe identified seven regional/international metasurveillance systems with longitudinal measures of price or purity/potency that met eligibility criteria. In the USA, the average inflation-adjusted and purity-adjusted prices of heroin, cocaine and cannabis decreased by 81%, 80% and 86%, respectively, between 1990 and 2007, whereas average purity increased by 60%, 11% and 161%, respectively. Similar trends were observed in Europe, where during the same period the average inflation-adjusted price of opiates and cocaine decreased by 74% and 51%, respectively. In Australia, the average inflation-adjusted price of cocaine decreased 14%, while the inflation-adjusted price of heroin and cannabis both decreased 49% between 2000 and 2010. During this time, seizures of these drugs in major production regions and major domestic markets generally increased.ConclusionsWith few exceptions and despite increasing investments in enforcement-based supply reduction efforts aimed at disrupting global drug supply, illegal drug prices have generally decreased while drug purity has generally increased since 1990. These findings suggest that expanding efforts ...

The mainstream curriculum is extremely efficient in furthering a neoliberal multicultural discourse, what is described as the dance, dress, and dining, or heroes and holidays, or Taco Tuesday approaches to diversity. Given this, doing anything else is an ongoing challenge. This paper shares details of a government-university-school collaboration in which the authors were participants in a national project to digitize ethnic group archives and create lesson plans based from those archives. The authors share insights and challenges about what worked for resisting the "zoo" approach.

The need for creation of advanced automated military systems concerning the development of modern wellequipped mobile interspecies military forces is described in the article. The pre-project developmental stage was identified as a determinative in the process of creation of the automated military systems because it creates system characteristics which will be developed and put into effect with its relevant scientific and technical level. The execution algorithm of implementation of the main stages and activities was proposed. Research contracting authority should follow the execution algorithm in the process of identifying advanced automated military systems characteristics at the pre-project stage of its life cycle to have an opportunity to put into practice the project of its creation in a quality manner. ; У статті показана необхідність створення перспективних автоматизованих систем військового призначення у зв'язку з формуванням сучасних, добре оснащених, мобільних міжвидових угруповань військ. Визначено, що у процесі створення автоматизованих систем військового призначення передпроектна стадія є визначальною, бо формує обрис системи, яку у подальшому буде розроблено і введено в дію з відповідним її науковотехнічним рівнем. Показано, що визначення її обрису повинно здійснюватись комплексно на основі системного аналізу проблем проектування складних систем, з чітким дотриманням виконання заходів певних етапів (визначення її місця в загальній системі, аналізу факторів, що впливають на її властивості, показники та характеристики, розробки нормативних документів, оцінки ризиків реалізації проекту її створення, розробки та затвердження оперативно-тактичних вимог до неї, виконання аванпроекту на її розробку), які повинні бути обов'язковими для визначення обрису системи, що створюється (модернізується). Запропонований алгоритм виконання основних етапів та заходів, якого необхідно дотримуватись науководослідними організаціями замовника при визначенні обрису (необхідного варіанту створення) перспективних автоматизованих систем військового призначення на передпроектній стадії їх життєвого циклу, щоб мати можливість у подальшому якісно реалізувати проект щодо її створення. ; В статье показана необходимость создания перспективных автоматизированных систем военного назначения в связи с формированием современных, хорошо оснащенных, мобильных межвидовых группировок войск. Определено, что в процессе создания автоматизированных систем военного назначения передпроектная стадия является определяющей, поскольку формирует облик системы, которая в последующем будет разработана и введена в действие с соответствующим ее научно-техническим уровнем. Предложен алгоритм выполнения основных этапов и мероприятий, выполнения которых необходимо придерживаться научно-исследовательским организациям заказчика при определении облика (нужного варианта создания) перспективных автоматизированных систем военного назначения на передпроектной стадии их жизненного цикла, чтобы иметь возможность в дальнейшем качественно реализовать проект по ее созданию.

У статті розглядаються тенденції розвитку та принципи формування перспективних інтегрованих комплексів моніторингу навколишнього простору військового та подвійного призначення, можливості комплексування і особливості використання взаємодоповнюючих інформаційних датчиків різноманітної фізичної природи при інтеграції даних, що отримуються від них, проблеми вбудовування цих комплексів в мережецентричні інформаційно-управляючі системи. Виділяються рівні інтеграції: у середині носіїв інформаційних датчиків і в межах багатопозиційних територіально розподілених систем моніторингу, а також глобальних мережецентричних інформаційноуправляючих систем. Проводиться узагальнений аналіз існуючих пропозицій в цій предметній галузі діяльності та обговорюються перспективи їх впровадження в інформаційно-управляючі системи військового та подвійного призначення. ; В статье рассматриваются тенденции развития и принципы формирования перспективных интегрированных комплексов мониторинга окружающего пространства военного и двойного назначения, возможность комплексирования и особенности использования взаимодополняемых информационных датчиков различной физической природы при интеграции получаемых данных, проблемы встраиваемости данных комплексов в сетецентрические информационноуправляющие системы. Выделяются уровни интеграции: внутри носителей информационных датчиков и в рамках многопозиционных территориально распределенных систем мониторинга, а также глобальных сетецентрических информационноуправляющих систем Проводится обобщенный анализ существующих предложений в этой предметной области деятельности и обсуждаются перспективы их внедрения в информационно-управляющие системы военного и двойного применения. ; The development tendencies and generation principles of perspective integrated environment monitoring complexes of military and dual purposes are described in the article as well as the possibility of combination and peculiarities of application of complementary information sensors of different physical nature in the process of integration of received data, problems of embeddability of the given complexes into network-centric information&management system. The main objective of the article is the discussion of the problems as to the determination of principles, methods and approaches to receiving general data on environment while monitoring with the use of integrated multisensor complexes of military and dual purposes in order to speed up the decision making process by commanders of different levels of management while using the joint force grouping in modern wars. The following integration levels are distinguished: inside the information sensors holders and in the frame of multiposition geographically-distributed monitoring systems, as well as global network-centric information&management systems. The integrated analysis of the existing propositions in this subject functional area is conducted and the perspectives of their realization in information&management systems of military and dual purposes are discussed. The received results can be used for substantiation of requirements to integrated environment monitoring complexes while creating global information&management systems.

Background:Despite significant progress in HIV treatment and prevention, the US remains far from its goal of 'Ending the HIV Epidemic' by 2030. Economic models using local data can synthesise the evidence to help policymakers allocate HIV resources efficiently, but persistent research-to-practice gaps remain. Little is known about how to facilitate the use of economic modelling data among local public health policymakers in real-world settings.
Aims and objectives:To explore the dissemination of results from a locally-calibrated economic model for HIV prevention and treatment and identify the factors influencing potential uptake of the model for public health decision making at the local level.
Methods:Four virtual focus groups with 26 local health department policymakers in Baltimore, Miami, Seattle, and New York City were held between July 2020 and May 2021. Qualitative content analysis of transcripts identified key themes around using the localised economic model in policy decisions.
Results:Participants were interested in using local data in their decisions to allocate resources for HIV prevention/treatment. Six themes emerged: 1) importance of understanding local policy context; 2) health equity considerations; 3) using evidence to support current priorities; 4) difficulty of changing strategies, even incrementally; 5) bang for the incremental buck (efficiency) vs. previous impact; and 6) community values.
Conclusion and relevance:To optimise acceptance and use of results from economic models, researchers should engage with local community members and public health decision makers early to understand budgetary and community priorities. Participants prioritised evidence that supports their existing strategies, considers budgets and funding streams, and improves health equity; however, real-world budget constraints and conflicting interests serve as barriers to implementing model recommendations and reaching national goals.

IntroductionOpioid agonist treatment (OAT) is a safe and effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). However, people commonly stop and start OAT and their risk of death is high immediately after stopping. The prevalence of illicitly manufactured fentanyl and other highly potent synthetic opioids have increased in the illicit drug supply globally. Yet, there is limited evidence examining the relationship between OAT and mortality when these contaminants are widely available in the illicit drug supply.
Objectives and ApproachWe aimed to compare the risk of mortality on and off OAT in a setting with a high prevalence of illicitly manufactured fentanyl and other potent synthetic opioids in the illicit drug supply. We linked five health administrative datasets in British Columbia, Canada, creating a cohort of 55,347 people with OUD who received OAT during a 23-year period (1996 to 2018). We compared the risk of mortality on and off treatment over time, and according to time since starting or stopping treatment and by medication type.
Results7,030 of 55,347 (12.7%) OAT recipients died during follow-up. All-cause SMR was substantially lower on OAT (4.6 [4.4 to 4.8]) compared to off OAT (9.7 [9.5 to 10.0]). In a period of increasing prevalence of fentanyl, the relative risk of mortality off OAT was 2.1 [1.8 to 2.4] times higher than on OAT prior to the introduction of fentanyl, and increased to 3.4 [2.8 to 4.3] at the end of the study period (65% increase in relative risk).
Conclusion / ImplicationsThe protective effect of OAT on mortality increased as fentanyl and other synthetic opioids became common in the illicit drug supply, while the risk of mortality remained high off OAT. As fentanyl becomes more widespread globally, these findings highlight the importance of interventions that improve retention on opioid agonist treatment and prevent recipients from stopping treatment.