Suchergebnisse

In this article, I consider the various policies of oil and gas companies relating to Indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation. The analysis is based on field research in Northern Russian regions. Data for the analysis comprises: International standards, Russian laws, corporate codes, official regulations, and interviews with company employees and representatives of the Indigenous populations. The research methodology is based on the concept of legal pluralism as the coexistence of various legal regimes and the search for platforms of common interests. The goal of this article is to analyze policies on benefit sharing by assessing projects and programs adopted by various industrial companies according to the social and humanitarian prospects of their social acceptance. I consider the possibilities for Russian legislation to promote respecting Indigenous people&rsquo ; s interests in the preparation of corporate sustainability reports.

The article analyzed the Church Slavonic vocabulary, which formed 27 lexical and semantic groups of church Slavonic nouns and substantive adjectives. The largest in volume (450 units) is a group to refer to the names of abstract concepts, different states, actions, properties, as well as various fields of activity, scientific terms, students, currents, in particular religious, which indicates the great influence of the Church Slavonic language on the Ukrainian language in this area. Smaller groups are groups designating persons by type of activity, social status, character or behavior (286), the names of saints, clergy, other spiritual and religious-church persons, as well as the names of church positions, titles, sleighs and ranks of the clergy (165), the names of buildings, in particular church, parts of the temple and objects of religious and ecclesiastical use (73) and others. The relevance of work pours out of the need for a comprehensive analysis of Church Slavonic as an organic member of the modern Ukrainian language that requires a special study – fuller presentation, clarification, specifying or reassessment of previously known phenomena and facts. The paper covers the question of the place and status of Church Slavonic the lexical system of the modern Ukrainian language, and this aspect of the study, closely related to the problem of interaction between church Slavonic and Ukrainian elements in the Ukrainian language of the new time, still remains debatable. The following scientific methods were used in the study: descriptive, statistical. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in Ukrainian linguistics a comprehensive lexical and semantic analysis of Church Slavonic in the modern Ukrainian language was carried out, which makes it possible to determine the place of Church Slavonic vocabulary in the system of modern Ukrainian language and the influence of the Church Slavonic language on the Ukrainian language. The results of the work show that discussions on the emergence of Church Slavonic in the Ukrainian language continue among industry experts and linguists.

The United Nations (UN) is a multilateral organization that addresses issues that transcend national boundaries. The UN Membership approved in 2015 "The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development", which is built on 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that serve as the guidelines to all countries - developed and developing - in a global partnership towards achieving a better world (UN, 2022). The UN Development Program (UNDP) is one of the 15 UN agencies that focus on international development to achieve the SDGs. The thesis studies factors determining UNDP SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions) aid allocations for projects in countries with armed conflict or political instability (UNDP, 2019b). The topic's relevance lies in the UNDP`s mission statement: "to eradicate poverty and reduce inequality. We help countries to develop policies, leadership skills, partnering abilities, institutional capabilities, and to build resilience to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals." Thus, the multilateral organization's transparency and criteria affecting the decision-making process behind the allocation of project funds is an important topic to research. The objective is to determine the factors that affect aid allocations under SDG 16 related to projects in countries with armed conflict or political instability during 2016-20. The research targets aid allocations for projects for peaceful resolution in countries with armed conflict or political instability as a dependent variable relying on the indicators of the recipient country`s requirements based on GDP per capita, number of victims during the years of conflict, and democracy indexes, etc. A panel data set of 150 observations covering 2016-2020 on 30 recipient countries and ten donor countries was collected to build an econometric model (fixed-effects and random-effects models), together with partial qualitative analysis on the data-generating stage to define the factors affecting the UNDP project aid allocations to recipient countries under SDG 16. The ...

This paper examines the activities of terrorist groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author focuses on the comparison between the opportunities offered by the pandemic to terrorist groups and the factors hampering terrorist activities. It could be expected that extremist groups may succeed in exploiting the pandemic to increase recruitment and disruption. But the predicted surge in terrorism did not happen. Coronavirus restrictions disrupted terrorist groups' operations, travelling and fundraising. However, in some states where the spread of the disease took place in the context of ongoing armed conflict, the terrorist threat has increased. On the whole, the socio-economic consequences of the pandemic had a negative impact on public sentiment, creating a breeding ground for radicalisation on various ideological spectrums. Far-right and Islamist extremist groups have already incorporated COVID-19 into their narratives. The pandemic has provided them with new opportunities to spread extremist propaganda and ideology. The paper shows how terrorist groups have adapted and conducted their activities during the pandemic. Some terrorist and extremist threats have shifted from physical to online environment (communications, financing, propaganda, radicalisation, recruitment, etc.), and a wide range of new technologies and tools have become much more widespread. It is likely that the pandemic, ineffective governance and the withdrawal of Western counter-terrorism contingents from hot zones will contribute to the fact that terrorism (and, in particular, militant Islamism) will remain a global threat within the foreseeable future.

In the collective memory of the British, there was a perception that Afghanistan was a space that could not be colonized: a space that limited British power and influence. Nevertheless, selectively using its experience of colonial warfare, Britain invaded Afghanistan for the fourth time, this time as part of a multilateral force. In analyzing the performance of Britain's counterinsurgency mission in Afghanistan, Western sources have most often favored identifying tactical and operational failures of military or civilian structures rather than addressing the fundamental shortcomings of the operation in Afghanistan. Britain has joined the efforts of the «collective West» in Afghanistan, primarily to demonstrate to Washington that London remains its most reliable and most significant military ally. Over time, attachment to the United States went so far as to atrophy Britain's ability to develop its own national strategy. Western countries have replaced the fight against al-Qaeda who carried out terrorist attacks in the United States with the fight against the Taliban insurgency. The English narrative used the category of moral obligation more often than national interest. Great Britain demanded that Afghanistan turn into a liberal-democratic state. The troops not only introduced foreign Western ideas of democracy and the rule of law, they also tried to expand the power of the central government in Kabul, a government that was not accepted by the insurgents and generally lacked legitimacy among Afghans. The continued presence of Western forces in Afghanistan has generated hatred and initiated jihad.

Dado o seu foco em aumentar a participação, fomenter processos de decisão, e ir ao encontro de desafios locais, a inovação social (IS) partilha algumas características com a idea de desenvolvimento neo-endógeneo, cuja matriz assenta na utilização de recursos e conhecimentos locais e a sua ligação com contextos mais gerais. Através da investigação do caso da região Austríaca de Muehlviertel, este artigo procura analisar as formas como a inovação social pode ser promovida em regiões que praticam formas de desenvolvimento rural neo-endógeneas. Partindo dos dados empíricos recolhidos na região, o artigo conclui que os processos de IS estão alicerçados numa abordagem neo-endógenea ao desenvolvimento da região, criando redes que abarcam todo o território com múltiplos stakeholders, e na qual actividades bottom-up são suportadas e estimuladas. No entanto, o artigo também aponta alguns perigos presentes na acção dos actores regionais na tentativa de promover IS, quer ao nível de limitações burocráticas quer na resistência à inovação.

The paper discusses the pedagogic problem of the formation of linguocultural competence (LCC) comes to the fore in the integral system of the development of the communicative competence of China-science students of higher education in the conditions of the Russian-Chinese border area. This is due to the transformation of the Russian system of training specialists as a result of the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard Higher Education (FSES HE 3++), the introduction of the presentation of completely new requirements for professional competences. The purpose of the research is to show the author's model development of the linguocultural competence of China-science students in terms of the Russian-Chinese border (in terms of Transbaikalia). In the research, the authors solve the following problems – the formation of LCC in students on the basis of linguocultural approach; analysis of the moral-psychological training of the student and focus on his future working conditions; identifying optimal pedagogic conditions for the effective formation of LCC; analysis of educational cooperation of border regions of Russia and China. The article considers the optimal organisational and pedagogic conditions for the formation of the LCC and we analyse the moral and psychological preparation of the student's personality and its orientation to future working conditions. The author's model development of the linguocultural competence of China-science students has demonstrated the formation of the LCC among China-science students in the conditions of the Russian-Chinese border and that will contribute to solving the issues of improving the quality of professional competence of graduates, which is manifested in their successful adaptation to the labour market. LCC is a means of socialisation of the student's personality, it gives an understanding of behaviour in a certain ethno-cultural (multicultural) group, it promotes the formation of social and value orientations, the development of a tolerant attitude to other cultures.

The article analyses the Church Slavonic vocabulary, which in the Ukrainian language, according to etymological dictionaries, were gone in different ways: 1) directly from the Church Slavonic language or through the literary language of the period of Kievan Rus; 2) from the Church Slavonic language through other languages: Russian, Czech or Slovak; 3) from the Church Slavonic language by the method of tracing; 4) from other languages through Church Slavonic mediation: from Ancient Greek, from Middle Greek, from Modern Greek, from Latin, from Turkic, from Hebrew, from German. The relevance of the article is determined by the need of a comprehensive analysis of Church Slavonic, which is an organic component of the Ukrainian language. The urgency of this issue in modern Ukrainian linguistics is due not only to its insufficient coverage and a certain fragmentation of the results, but also to the fact that in addition to linguistic and historical and cultural aspects, it has a certain rehabilitation orientation. The following scientific methods were used in the study: descriptive, comparative, statistical. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the linguistic and extralinguistic factors of the appearance of Church Slavonic borrowings in the modern Ukrainian language, the main ways of entry of Church Slavonic into the Ukrainian language are systematically described. The results of the work show that discussions on the emergence of Church Slavonic in the Ukrainian language continue among industry experts and linguists.

In Kazachstan, the relatively low number of cases could be the result of an open governance strategy. Speaking at the...

From 1941 to 1945 thousands of British and American sailors came to the northern Soviet ports of Arkhangel'sk and Molotovsk with Lend-Lease convoys. On the shore they made many casual contacts with local residents, in particular with Soviet women. These contacts came under close scrutiny of the Soviet authorities who tried to limit the alleged subversive influence of foreign nationals on Soviet citizens. Local women who dated Allied personnel faced harassment and repression that ranged from administrative exile to imprisonment in the Gulag. Resentments against women who had intimate relationships with foreigners during the war were widespread throughout the European theater, and not limited to the USSR. Still the Soviet authorities' treatment of Arkhangel'sk women who dated nationals of 'friendly' countries was particularly harsh. They faced not just moral condemnation, but legal prosecution and long prison terms. The severity of their repression is comparable to how the Soviet side treated civilian Nazi collaborators. Ultimately, Soviet reactions to such wartime contacts with Allied nationals shed light on the broader social history of the Soviet home front, inter-Allied relationships on a grassroots level, and Soviet wartime and postwar justice that was arbitrary in nature and largely defined by local initiatives.