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Abstract. Although it has been mandated in the Broadcasting Law Number 32of 2002, the implementation of the Network Station System (NSS) hasexperienced obstacles coming from national broadcasting industry players.Weak supervision has also been a great contribution to the lame implementationof NSS since it was ratified. The purpose of this study was to determine thedevelopment as well as implementation of the Network Station System (NSS)in Indonesia and to identify the obstacles might happened. This study uses aqualitative approach with descriptive methods. The informant of this researchare the Commissioner of the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) andREMOTIVI, a NGO that advocate regulation on television media broadcasting.Data Collection Techniques: Interview, Observation, and Documentation. Inaddition to the weak regulation, economic interests are the main factor fromnational private television broadcasters not carried out the NSS according to thelaw. This situation ultimately cannot create diversity of ownership and diversityof content as expected. To encourage the implementation of SSJ, there must bea great political will and strict regulation applied from related parties inbroadcasting industry. Collective supervision from NGO and society also playvital role.

"Shabana Mir's powerful ethnographic study of women on Washington, D.C., college campuses reveals that being a young female Muslim in post-9/11 America means experiencing double scrutiny--scrutiny from the Muslim community as well as from the dominant non-Muslim community. Muslim American Women on Campus illuminates the processes by which a group of ethnically diverse American college women, all identifying as Muslim and all raised in the United States, construct their identities during one of the most formative times in their lives"--

This book explores the relationship between custom and Islamic law and seeks to uncover the role of custom in the construction of legal rulings. On a deeper level, however, it deals with the perennial problem of change and continuity in the Islamic legal tradition (or any tradition for that matter). It is argued that custom (urf and adah) was one of the important tools that the jurists used to accommodate change and to adjust the rulings of shari`ah to the ever changing conditions in particular social and historical contexts. The book presents a diachronic study of the development of the conce

The outburst of The Iranian Revolution in 1978 generated fear and hope at the same time for several political forces across the West and the East. The emergence of Islam as a political force came as a surprise across all political spectrums in Europe, even though religion was already at the time becoming a determining variable in the field of international relations. The echoes of The Iranian Revolution precipitated even further the making of several organizations of political Islam in the Middle East, forging transnational identities. Through primary and secondary sources drawn from mainly British leftist organizations, this study aims at examining the responses of the British Left towards Islamic revivalism. Thus, this article gives an historical outline of the intellectual production and the strategies of interpretation adopted by the British Left during the period of 1978–2001, by exploring the main historical events that involved (political) Islam, such as The Iranian Revolution, the Lebanese civil war, the Palestinian Intifada and The Algerian Civil War. The main argument postulated is that interpretation trajectories by the British Left were highly dependent on ideological and geostrategic lineages and respective synchronic political alliances, resulting in putting the centre of gravity sometimes on Islamic activism's regressive nature and sometimes on its anti-imperialist perspectives.

This paper examines bioethical discourses concerning genetic counseling within the area of assisted reproduction. More particularly, it investigates the extent to which mainstream Western or secular bioethics is considered lacking from an Islamic perspective. The paper argues that invocation, incorporation, and even interrogation of Islamic norms ensure the legitimacy of genetic counseling within the Muslim context. The paper suggests a distinction between two levels of analysis within Islamic bioethical discussions on the consequences of genetic testing. The first addresses ethical-legal dimensions and is primarily concerned with balancing immediate benefits and harms in this world. The second addresses theological and metaphysical dimensions and is primarily concerned with faith-based convictions and religious commitments. The paper argues that both levels are needed for a nuanced understanding of the process of genetic counseling within a Muslim setting. The paper gives special attention to institutional fatwas on two main issues: prenatal genetic screening and preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

Discussions concerning science and scientific production in the Middle East often trigger a comparison between a glorious past and a gloomy present. The past witnessed a thriving scientific culture within the Islamic civilization. In the present, however, science is usually entangled in a series of debates, ranging from the normative dimensions of modern science to the larger social and political circumstances shaping current realities, particularly in light of an incessant juxtaposition, competition, or rivalry with an imagined West.

British foreign policy in the Middle East has been well researched. However, there are still aspects of Britain&rsquo ; s approach towards the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) that have yet to be researched. One such aspect is Britain&rsquo ; s encounter with the rise of political Islam in MENA and the way(s) in which this phenomenon was deciphered. Even though political Islam dates back to the late 19th and early 20th century, our study focuses on the period between the turbulent years of the outburst of the Iranian Revolution in 1978&ndash ; 1979 and its widely-felt influence until 1990. Our methodological tools include Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) archival material that addresses the phenomenon of political Islam and its implications for British interests and international relations in general. We choose the concept of political Islam and its adherents that are widely acknowledged as political, comparatively to those of da&rsquo ; wa and Jihadi Islamism. We argue that British officials were widely influenced by the intellectual debates of the period under consideration and that they mainly adopted four analytical schemas which focused firstly on the rise of sectarian politics in MENA, secondly on the gradual accommodation of non-state actors and organizations in political analysis, thirdly on the worrisome prospect of an alliance between Islamist and communist forces, and lastly on the prevalence of the idea of Islamic solidarity and Islamic exceptionalism in exerting international politics. Our findings suggest that, at times, the FCO approaches the issue of political Islam with a reassuring mindset, focusing on its divisions and weaknesses, while at other times it analyzes it with a grave concern over stability and Britain&rsquo ; s critical interests.

The draft revision of Law No.32/2002 on broadcasting currently has entered the stage of legislation body of DPR RI (Baleg). The revision eliminated the obligation of the Network Broadcasting System (NBS) for Private Broadcasting Institutions (LPS) considered have neglected the public interest of the broadcasting sector. For many groups, especially civil society, this new policy regarding SSJ is a step backward. The decentralization spirit of the broadcasting industry is threatened to be continued. While the implementation of the NBS itself has been carried out half-heartedly. The purpose of this study is to know the implementation of NBS carried out by the LPS designated as the central stations and the obstacles faced in managing the implementation of NBS with network stations located in the region. The theory used in this study are broadcasting, mass media and NBS. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive method. Data collection techniques: interview with the Central Indonesian Broadcasting Commission, study literature, and documentation; The validity test of the data is through informant triangulation to organization that conduct broadcast advocacy, Remotivi. The results of this study indicate that NBS implementation is still not running optimally. LPS still has a reluctance in preparing infrastructure facilities to implement NBS. Meanwhile the impact of NBS at the local level is also increasingly complex in various sectors of life. Various obstacles start from regulation, political will of all NBS stakeholders and weak supervision caused NBS still far from expectations. This situation makes the centralistic broadcasting system remain dominant. Keyword: Decentralization, Broadcasting Industry, Network Broadcasting Systems

Dalit, one of the lowest rungs in the Indian caste society, has been historically marginalized on all fronts; social, political, cultural. The term Dalit is an identity of self-assertion, a political identity which has been chosen by the community themselves. In the article I want to highlight the contributions of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, one of the greatest icons from the Dalit community in India, who fought for the rights of the oppressed communities, and sought their emancipation, and his influence which makes him not just a political figure or an anti-caste revolutionary and philosopher but which has also established him as an icon. There are many visual indicators to suggest the same, in terms of the numerous statues build all over India reflecting the socio-political assertion of the Dalit community and their belief in the struggles of Dr. Ambedkar and his ideologies. This assertion also gets attacked and vandalized by the upper castes forces which have always worked in the society to oppress the lower castes and keep the privileges of power and domination restricted to their own community. In the paper I will try to explore the Dalit visual culture and the use of Dalit imageries and iconography to assert a politically conscious Dalit identity. This paper will highlight the ideological basis of the socio-political and cultural movement of the Dalit communities and the influence of Dr. Ambedkar and religious conversion over the same. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.42.11881204This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

AbstractThis paper examines the role of biomedical technology in reconstructing traditional gender roles in the Muslim world. It questions the neutrality of this technology and explores the extent to which various applications of genetic and reproductive technologies can be used either to enhance or diminish gender equality. It concentrates on Islamic normative discussions surrounding pre-marital genetic testing and sex selection and emphasizes the role of these discussions for the proper accommodation of these technologies within the Muslim context.

Running a-12 year compulsory education program, Indonesia government issuing some policies to support program implementation. Jokowi's administration office is currently undergoing the program as slated in the 2015-2019 of National Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) which aims to provide services, enlargement, and equal opportunity for every citizen to gain a well education until 21 year-old to at least accomplish senior education level. Therefore the engagement from key stakeholders is significantly needed to increase the participation rate of people in accessing education. One of the important role derives from media industry. Media is expected to be responsible for the issue dissemination of a-12 year compulsory education program. Kompas and Koran Sindo are notably local newspapers whose daily column discussing a lot of education issues from across the country. Through this research, will be analyzed how the two newspapers construct the issue of a-12 year compulsory education program based on text from elected articles.