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Part 1 of this article explored the relevance of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia, particularly the key principles of self-determination and free, prior and informed consent; how the international human rights framework applies in Australia; and Australia's lack of compliance with it. Part One concluded by discussing the Uluru Statement from the Heart, presented to all the people of Australia in 2017, and how it marked a turning point in the struggle for recognition by Australia's Indigenous peoples.
Part 2 explores recent developments since the release of the Uluru Statement, especially at sub-national levels, in relation to treaty and truth-telling. It draws some comparisons with Canada and New Zealand, discusses the concept of coexistence, and presents a set of Foundational Principles for Parity and Coexistence between two culturally distinct systems of land ownership, use and tenure.

This is the first of two articles exploring the international human rights framework as it relates to Indigenous peoples' land rights and interests, with a focus on Australia. Over the past 30 years, the international community has increasingly recognised that special attention needs to be paid to the individual and collective rights of Indigenous peoples, as they are among the world's most marginalised peoples. For a long time, the Indigenous peoples of the world have used the international human rights system to tackle discrimination and abuses of their rights, and the United Nations has increasingly become a place for them to voice their concerns.
In Australia, there has been a long-running debate about the lack of recognition of the First Peoples in Australia's Constitution. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are increasingly demanding that the full suite of international human rights norms and standards are applicable to their affairs and to dealings with them, including the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
This first article discusses the international human rights framework as it relates to the Indigenous peoples of Australia. The second article will take a closer look at how the land rights and interests of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are being recognised at the national and state jurisdictional levels within Australia, with reference to recent comparable actions in Canada and New Zealand.

For the past centuries, fossil resources served the German economy as the basis for numerous technological innovations facilitating continuous economic growth and prosperity. However, global challenges of the 21 st century such as climate change and depleting resources increasingly uncover the unintended consequences of a fossil-based economy for the social and natural system. One promising strategy to solve these problems is presented by the bio-economy concept which aims to replace fossil resources by bio-based materials stemming from plants, animals, microorganisms and biological waste streams. In this vein, this innovative concept exposes the agri-food sector to a whole set of novel value-added processes, products and services (e.g. bio-energy or bio-based plastics). The success of these innovations ultimately depends on value chain actors' behavioral motivations to adopt them. However, many economic regions still do not fully take advantage of bio-economy innovations which is why it is critical to understand the factors that drive actors in the agri-food value chain to adopt these innovations. Hence, this thesis explores how farmers' and consumers' adoption decisions are affected by their internal behavioral motivations such as their values, beliefs and norms. Moreover, this thesis uses insights from behavioral economics to test nudging strategies to foster the adoption of bio-economy innovations. In order to achieve these objectives, this thesis conducts three empirical studies. The first study assesses the effect of behavioral motivations on farmers' interest in the adoption of bio-economy practices, using the case of the utilization of horticultural by-products. Therefore, a survey with German fruit and vegetable farmers ( N = 96) has been carried out and data have been analyzed in a Structural Equation Model. Findings suggest that pro-environmental values, beliefs and norms are relevant to predict farmers' interest in bio-economy practices. Results further indicate that an ecological worldview is potentially relevant for farmers' perception of contextual conditions aimed to foster the bio-economy. The second study explores systems thinking as a behavioral motivation for consumer intention to buy bio-based products. The study draws upon an online survey ( N = 446) with a between-subject design to situate consumers' level of systems thinking in relation to their altruistic values, an ecological worldview, beliefs and norms as well as intention to buy bio-based products. This study provides empirical evidence that a behavioral task in which consumers reflect on the consequences of their own consumption behavior is successful in activating a systems thinking perspective which, in turn, affects their intention to purchase bio-based products. Moreover, the relationship between systems thinking and purchase intention seems to be mediated by consumers' problem awareness, outcome efficacy and personal norms. The third study investigates the effectiveness of green nudges to increase consumer willingness to pay for bio-based products, using the case of bio-based plastic packaging. The study uses a discrete choice experiment ( N = 1019) with a between-subject-design to activate consumer pro-environmental values, worldviews, beliefs and norms by providing them with nature pictures, reflection questions, information and social proof, respectively. Results indicate that the strongest effects are generated when the nudging strategy matches the characteristic of consumers' cognitive style. The scientific and practical contributions of this thesis are multifold. From a scientific perspective, it extends the widely used value-beliefs-norms theory by contextual factors to understand farmers' interest in bio-economy practices and integrates systems thinking into the seminal norm-activation model to understand consumer intention to purchase bio-based products. In addition, it theoretically explores the interaction between green nudges and individual cognitive styles. Methodologically, this thesis develops and tests a treatment to activate systems thinking. Besides, it adds to existing empirical research by providing evidence for the role of systems thinking, the value-beliefs-norms theory and green nudges in the context of the bio-economy. This thesis, moreover, generates important practical implications for policymakers and industry representatives. In this vein, it presents scientifically sound strategies to speed up the diffusion of innovations, to influence the outcome of innovation-decisions and it shows which values and cognitive paradigms are relevant in the context of the bio-economy. For example, consumers' willingness to pay a price premium for bio-based plastic packaging might encourage companies to invest in this type of packaging. However, as the transition towards a bio-based economy rather depends on changing the underlying beliefs of the value chain actors, this thesis also provides insights about internal values and cognitive paradigms that need to be taught in schools and universities to generate a cultural transition starting with the young generations. ; Im letzten Jahrhundert dienten fossile Ressourcen als Grundlage zahlreicher technologischer Innovationen, die die deutsche Wirtschaft zu kontinuierlichem Wachstum und Wohlstand verholfen haben. Globale Probleme des 21. Jahrhundert, wie zum Beispiel der Klimawandel und das Erschöpfen fossiler Rohstoffe, zeigen allerdings immer mehr die ungewollten Konsequenzen einer fossil-basierten Wirtschaft für die Gesellschaft und Umwelt auf. Eine vielversprechende Strategie, um diese Probleme zu lösen stellt das Bioökonomie-Konzept dar, das darauf abzielt, fossile Ressourcen durch bio-basierte Materialien zu ersetzen. Diese Materialien werden aus Pflanzen, Tieren, Mikroorganismen und biologischem Abfall gewonnen. Das innovative Bioökonomie-Konzept stellt für die Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft eine ganze Reihe neuer Prozesse, Produkte und Dienstleistungen bereit (z.B. Bioenergie oder bio-basiertes Plastik). Der Erfolg der Bioökonomie hängt davon ab, ob die Akteure entlang der Wertschöpfungskette motiviert sind, diese Innovationen zu adoptieren. Da das volle wirtschaftliche Potential der Bioökonomie noch nicht ausgenutzt wird, ist es wichtig zu verstehen, welche Faktoren diese Akteure darin beeinflussen Innovationen im Kontext der Bioökonomie zu übernehmen. Daher untersucht diese Arbeit, inwiefern die Adoptionsentscheidung von Konsumenten und Landwirten durch deren innere Verhaltensmotivationen beeinflusst wird, wie z.B. durch ihre Werte, Glaubenssätze und Normen. Zudem nutzt diese Dissertation Erkenntnisse aus der Verhaltensökonomie, um zu testen, ob Nudging-Strategien die Akzeptanz von bioökonomischen Innovationen fördern. Um das Ziel dieser Arbeit zu erreichen, werden drei empirische Studien durchgeführt. Die erste Studie untersucht den Einfluss innerer Verhaltensmotivationen auf das Interesse von Landwirten, landwirtschaftliche Nebenprodukte für die Weiterverarbeitung in der Bioökonomie bereitzustellen. Dafür wurde eine Umfrage mit deutschen Obst- und Gemüsebauern ( N = 96) durchgeführt und anschließend in einem Strukturgleichungsmodell analysiert. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass umweltbewusste Werte, Glaubenssätze und Normen relevant sind, um das Interesse von Landwirten an bioökonomischen Praktiken vorherzusagen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen weiterhin, dass ein ökologisches Weltbild potentiell relevant dafür ist, wie Landwirte die exteren Bedingungen für den Wandel zu einer Bioökonomie wahrnehmen. Die zweite Studie erforscht den Einfluss einer systemischen Denkweise auf die Konsumentenakzeptanz von biobasierten Produkten. Die Studie nutzt ein Online-Experiment ( N = 446) mit einem between-subject Design, um zu verstehen wie systemisches Denken mit altruistischen Werten, einem ökologischen Weltbild, ökologischen Glaubenssätzen und Normen, sowie der Intention biobasierte Produkte zu kaufen, zusammenhängt. Die Ergebnisse signalisieren, dass eine Intervention, die Konsumenten dazu anhält über ihr Konsumverhalten und dessen Konsequenzen nachzudenken, eine systemische Denkweise triggert, die wiederum die Intention stärkt, bio-basierte Produkte zu kaufen. Außerdem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen systemischem Denken und der Kaufintention durch die Variablen Problembewusstsein, wahrgenommene Ergebniswirksamkeit und die persönlichen Normen des Konsumenten erklärt werden kann. Die dritte Studie untersucht die Effektivität von Nudging-Strategien zur Steigerung der Zahlungsbereitschaft von Konsumenten für bio-basierte Verpackungen. Die Studie nutzt ein diskretes Entscheidungsexperiment ( N = 1019) mit einem between-subject Design. Dabei werden den Konsumenten Naturbilder, Reflexionsfragen, Videos oder normative Informationen dargeboten, um umweltbewusste Werte, Weltbilder, Glaubenssätze und Normen zu aktivieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die stärksten Effekte erzielt werden, wenn die Nudging-Strategie zum kognitiven Entscheidungsstil der Konsumenten passt. Der wissenschaftliche und praktische Nutzen der Ergebnisse ist vielfältig. Aus wissenschaftlicher Perspektive erweitert die Arbeit die Value-Belief-Norm Theorie um kontextuelle Faktoren zur Vorhersage des Interesses von Landwirten an bioökonomischen Prozessen. Außerdem integriert sie die Variable des systemischen Denkens in das Norm-Activation Modell, um die Intention biobasierte Produkte zu kaufen besser zu verstehen. Darüber hinaus erforscht die Arbeit den Zusammenhang zwischen Nudging-Strategien und kognitiven Entscheidungsstilen. Aus methodischer Perspektive entwickelt und testet diese Arbeit eine Intervention zur Aktivierung einer systemischen Denkweise. Außerdem liefert die Arbeit empirische Beweise für die Rolle des systemischen Denkens, der Value-Belief-Norm Theorie und Nudging-Strategien im Kontext der Bioökonomie. Diese Dissertation generiert darüber hinaus wichtige praktische Implikationen für politische Entscheidungsträger und Industrievertreter. Sie präsentiert wissenschaftlich fundierte Strategien, um die Verbreitung von Innovationen zu beschleunigen, um Innovationsentscheidungen zu beeinflussen und sie zeigt auf, welche Werte und kognitiven Paradigmen im Kontext der Bioökonomie relevant sind. Zum Beispiel signalisiert die Bereitschaft der Konsumenten einen höheren Preis für bio-basierte Plastikverpackungen zu zahlen, dass Unternehmen in diese Art von Verpackungen investieren könnten. Da der Übergang zu einer bio-basierten Wirtschaft jedoch eher von der Veränderung der zugrunde liegenden Glaubenssätze abhängt, bietet diese Arbeit zudem Erkenntnisse über interne Werte und kognitive Paradigmen, die in Schulen und Universitäten gelehrt werden sollten, um einen kulturellen Wandel anzustoßen.

In 2010 the ACT Government commenced a major public consultation exercise called 'Time to Talk – Canberra 2030' on Canberra's long term future as part of developing a new strategy plan for Canberra. In this context, the then ACT Planning Minister, Andrew Barr MLA, published a short article on his personal website proclaiming that Walter Burley Griffin is dead. According to Barr, Griffin has not had any involvement in the planning and development of Canberra since 1920 and that his plans for the city were never really implemented. Barr stated Griffin's ideals should not be 're-interpreted' and we 'should not be casting back a century for answers to Canberra's contemporary challenges' because 'Griffin could never have foreseen the changes in lifestyles that technology has delivered and that climate change will require'. Barr bemoaned the fact that Griffin's legacy continues to dominate debate about the future of Canberra and that Griffin is still held in high regard in Canberra planning circles. Barr argued therefore, that it was time to move beyond Griffin's planning legacy. Despite the fact that no planner can ever clearly foresee the changes the future brings, there are several good reasons why Griffin's planning ideals continue to pervade Canberra's planning. This article explores two of Griffin's planning ideals for Canberra and how they have endured in the development of two of Canberra's strategic plans. The paper argues that these planning ideals still have currency today and will continue to have currency well into the future.

In 2010 the ACT Government commenced a major public consultation exercise called 'Time to Talk – Canberra 2030' on Canberra's long term future as part of developing a new strategy plan for Canberra. In this context, the then ACT Planning Minister, Andrew Barr MLA, published a short article on his personal website proclaiming that Walter Burley Griffin is dead. According to Barr, Griffin has not had any involvement in the planning and development of Canberra since 1920 and that his plans for the city were never really implemented. Barr stated Griffin's ideals should not be 're-interpreted' and we 'should not be casting back a century for answers to Canberra's contemporary challenges' because 'Griffin could never have foreseen the changes in lifestyles that technology has delivered and that climate change will require'. Barr bemoaned the fact that Griffin's legacy continues to dominate debate about the future of Canberra and that Griffin is still held in high regard in Canberra planning circles. Barr argued therefore, that it was time to move beyond Griffin's planning legacy. Despite the fact that no planner can ever clearly foresee the changes the future brings, there are several good reasons why Griffin's planning ideals continue to pervade Canberra's planning. This article explores two of Griffin's planning ideals for Canberra and how they have endured in the development of two of Canberra's strategic plans. The paper argues that these planning ideals still have currency today and will continue to have currency well into the future.

Australia is one of the world's oldest modern democracies. The Federation formed by the six disparate States and established by Australia's Constitution in 1901, also created the National Capital. Canberra is the city that Federation created and Australia's only fully planned city. It is one of a few of the world's capital cities that were designated as such before they were created. In 2009, the then Minister for the Environment and Heritage, the Hon Peter Garrett, invited nominations for entry on Australia's National Heritage List under the theme of 'Australian Democracy'. It was in response to this invitation that seven professional and generally like-minded people got together and nominated Canberra to be entered on the National Heritage List. The seven people were: Associate Professor Dianne Firth, Romaldo Giurgola AO, David Headon, Stuart Mackenzie, Associate Professor Graham Sansom, Greg Wood and Ed Wensing. Canberra's unique design and planning over the past one hundred years embodies many of the ideas and messages incorporated in the theme of Australian Democracy. We nominated virtually the whole of the ACT (with some notable exceptions), and identified many features and elements that could easily satisfy at most of the criteria for National Heritage Listing. This presentation will elaborate on the values for which Canberra can be entered on the National Heritage List. These are my personal views and do not necessarily reflect the views of my fellow nominees.