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Humanities and social sciences were practically excluded from the educational programs of medical departments in institutes till the early 20th century. The article describes how these disciplines became the integral part for medical education by the 1930th. Major topics of the article are the causes which led to the inclusion of these disciplines in educational programs and influence of thе Revolution of 1917 on this process. ; До начала XX столетия гуманитарные и общественные науки были практически исключены из программ обучения медицинских кафедр институтов. В статье описывается, как данные дисциплины стали неотъемлемой частью медицинского образования к 1930-м гг. Основным предметом обсуждения являются причины, по которым данные дисциплины были включены в программы обучения, а также влияние Революции 1917 г. на этот процесс.

Rural areas and the agricultural sector are currently experiencing a radically new social and economic situation which barely fits the existing national agricultural policy as a long-term instrument for stimulating the agri-food market and government's support of the agrarian sector and, primarily, agriculture that underlies it.In the age of globalization of national agri-food markets, food supply security based on import substitution can be ensured in a macro-economic environment that favors the development of a competitive agricultural industry. The main factor preventing the industry from developing is the unequal inter-industrial exchange biased against the rural economy. The article proposes the author's simple tried and tested schema for evaluating how inter-industry pricing relationships and governmental financial support (in the form of subsidies) to agricultural organizations affect their margins. The evaluation leads to the following conclusions:– Given its real contribution to the national economy, the agro-industry is self-sufficient for its own development, i.e. the state objectively has the potential to increase its expenses on the elimination of the negative consequences from an unequal inter-industry exchange;– Federal expenditures on such state support must secure a margin for agricultural goods producers that enables stimuli for workers' efficiency and an affordable credit system for the technical and technological upgrade of the facilities required for the production of competitive goods;– The issues of competitive growth of agricultural products require solutions primarily on a federal scale.An essential factor of competitive growth of individual types of national food and agricultural raw materials should involve science proven EEU agricultural treaties. The article discusses the major priorities in developing a common agricultural policy in the new integration institution.

The article is devoted to the first years of Soviet power, when there was a formation of the relationship between higher medical school and the Bolsheviks. Attention is given to carrying out the militarization of higher medical school in the early 1920s by Soviet authorities. It was the first attempt to reform the higher education for the purpose of building a new society. The experience gained by the People's Commissariat of Education in carrying out reforms, will be used in the mid-1920s, when the Bolsheviks begin to radically change higher education in the country. ; Статья посвящена первым годам Советской власти, когда происходило формирование взаимоотношений между высшей медицинской школой и большевиками. Уделено внимание проведению Советской властью милитаризации высшей медицинской школы в начале 1920-х гг. Это явилось первой попыткой реформировать высшую школу для целей построения нового общества. Опыт, полученный Народным комиссариатом просвещения в проведении преобразований, будет использован в середине 1920-х гг., когда большевики приступят к кардинальному изменению высшего образования в стране.

Since 1926, Peter Andreevich Kupriyanov served at Z.P. Solovyov Central Red Army Military Hospital of Leningrad and simultaneously began to work part-time at Pavlov First Medical Institute of Leningrad. This article talks about the work of P.A. Kupriyanov at The First Medical Institute of Leningrad from 1926 to 1948. ; С 1926 г. Петр Андреевич Куприянов служит в Ленинградском Центральном Красноармейском Военном госпитале им. З. П. Соловьева и, одновременно по совместительству, начинает работать в Первом Ленинградском медицинском институте им. акад. И. П. Павлова. В настоящей статье отражена работа П. А. Куприянова в 1-м ЛМИ в период с 1926 по 1948 г.