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This research is part of the new COVID-19 scenario. From the methodological cut-off - number of deaths per million inhabitants – it has been chosen the two Latin American countries that, until the date of writing of the work, are at the two extremes of the spectrum of the disease: the lower and the higher number of fatal victims. Thus, by this cut-off presented, this study will seek to answer which public measures Brazil and Costa Rica have been carrying out in the fight against COVID-19, taking into consideration the guidelines established and adopted by the World Health Organization. In the context, the general objective is to establish a dialogue between the two scenarios, Brazilian and Costa Rican, in the fight against COVID-19; making it a specific objective to analyze information on the public policies carried out by the two countries that make up the object of the art of this research. In order to comply with the above, this basic and exploratory research uses a critical qualitative methodology, integrating elements that come from the analysis of reports, specialized texts, legislation and national and international protocols in order to build a critical theoretical framework. The article concludes the Costa Rican government's excellence in this pandemic scenario, as well as the need for the Brazilian government to act with greater social responsibility, as well as to provide a counterpart of resources to institutions and fund epidemiological research groups on the disease. Furthermore, this scenario of the COVID-19 Pandemic shows the importance of rediscovering International Relations and International Law, acting cooperatively for solutions of the global order.

This study is about the Brazilian scenario in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. At the beginning of the Sars-Cov-2 outbreak, which caused COVID-19, there was too much concern that cases might grow rapidly, a fact that happened in a short time, turning the Chinese epidemic into a pandemic of broad multilateral scope. Until the closing of this research, Brazil - the object of the art of this study - is the second country in the global ranking of the most cases of serious acute infection that attacks the lungs; therefore, it is the first country in Latin America in number of cases. According to what has been presented, this survey will seek to answer whether the measures adopted by Brazil were consonant to what was determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and to the ideal of health diplomacy engendered by that organization. In this context, the general objective is to establish a general panorama (numerical and actions) of Brazil in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, it becomes a specific objective to analyze, in a critical manner, such panorama in parallel to the position of the WHO. It is worth mentioning that this research has an exploratory character and uses a critical qualitative methodology; thus, it builds the theoretical framework from the integration of reports published in widely known journalism websites in Brazil, thematic bulletins of institutions, as well as national legislation, ordinances and protocols. The article concludes that the lack of technically competent leaders has caused the country to suffer internally as one of the highest statistics of fatal victims; it also considers that the pandemic is a point of need for consistent communication between the State, the International System and Civil Society.