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Abstract. Correlated change in personality is essential to understanding change and development. It refers to the question of whether and to what degree changes in personality are interrelated over time within and between individuals. Compared to the longstanding literature on personality development, relatively less research has focused on correlated change in personality. The main goal of this paper is thus to discuss the potential of this concept for the field of personality development. First, we define correlated change and propose a categorization framework with multiple dimensions. Second, we discuss several theoretical concepts of correlated change that help understand the patterns, causes, and mechanisms underlying correlated change in personality. Third, we briefly describe several statistical approaches to modeling correlated change. Fourth, we summarize previous research on correlated change in personality. We focus our research on (a) correlated change within the Big Five personality traits, and (b) between the Big Five personality traits and three domains of life. Finally, we conclude by discussing challenges and future directions of the concept for the field of personality development.

Chapter 1. Integrating Personality and Relationship Science to Explain Physical and Mental Health (Hannah Brazeau) -- Chapter 2. Aging with Purpose: Developmental Changes and Benefits of Purpose in Life Throughout the Lifespan (Gabrielle N. Pfund) -- Chapter 3. Personality Disorders and Disordered Aging: Personality Pathology as Risk Factors for Unhealthy Aging (Patrick J. Cruitt) -- Chapter 4. Affective Aging on Different Time-Scales (Marko Katana) -- Chapter 5. Coordinated Data Analysis: A New Method for the Study of Personality and Health (Sara J. Weston) -- Chapter 6. Using Ambulatory Assessments to Understand Personality-Health Associations (Joshua J. Jackson) -- Chapter 7. Sounds of Healthy Aging: Assessing Everyday Social and Cognitive Activity from Ecologically Sampled Ambient Audio Data (Burcu Demiray) -- Chapter 8. Exploring the Role of Mobility and Personality for Healthy Aging (Michelle Pasquale Fillekes) -- Chapter 9. Promoting Cognitive, Physical, and Social Activities for Healthy Aging by Targeting Personality (Damaris Aschwanden) -- Chapter 10. Personality and Cognitive Health in Aging (Brennan R. Payne) -- Chapter 11. A Lifespan Perspective on the Interconnections between Personality, Health, and Optimal Aging (Daniel K. Mroczek).

AbstractLongitudinal research is lacking with respect to how negative emotional reactivity and somatic symptoms during adolescence set the stage for later health. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine within-person associations between negative emotional reactivity and somatic symptoms during adolescence and their effects on health and wellbeing in adulthood. Participants (N = 1527; 48.3% female) were assessed annually at the age of 12 to 16 years and at the age of 35 and 45 years. Adolescents with frequent somatic symptoms reported higher reactivity. Individual differences in levels and changes of somatic symptoms and reactivity were independently associated with adult health and wellbeing decades later. The findings underscore the importance of considering how individual differences change during adolescent development.

AbstractThis study tested whether divorce helps explain individual differences in personality development in the years that follow a divorce. The sample consisted of 526 middle‐aged adults aged 42–46 years at the beginning. Personality traits were measured using the NEO‐Five‐Factor Inventory at three measurement occasions over 12 years. First, personality development was characterized by individual differences in change. Second, those individuals who experienced a divorce showed a decrease in extraversion and positive affect over time although nondivorced individuals did not change on these traits. Third, divorce was associated with a decrease in dependability. Fourth, divorce was associated with a decrease in orderliness for individuals who were remarried. The results of this study indicated that divorce had little influence on personality development.

Compared to the longstanding literature on the process of forgiveness or state forgiveness, relatively less research has focused on how to develop a dispositional tendency to forgive others, known as forgivingness. This holds particularly true with respect to adulthood, which has been typically viewed as a period of personality consistency rather than change. In the current paper, we begin by discussing forgivingness and its potential for promoting adult well-being. Next, we describe three literatures that help us understand possible influences on forgivingness development in adulthood, which focus on (a) how adults respond to their changing societal roles, (b) the choices they make with respect to social and emotional regulation, and (c) their relationship attachment models. Finally, we conclude by presenting important questions for the future research on this personality trait.