Suchergebnisse

One. The impossible dream -- two. A vision of equity, excellence, and assessment -- three. The conservative imagination : states, evidence, and partisanship -- four. A semblance of ideology : parents, private schools, and privacy -- five. The ghost of education future : teachers, tests, and time -- six. The reverie of the left : foundations, think tanks, and interest groups -- seven. Through a glass darkly : the way forward.

Out of many, one? -- Structuring democracy in American education -- Including Americans -- When equity isn't adequate -- Participation and the picket line -- Understanding history, understanding students -- Self-rule and structuring success -- Devolving the dilemma?

An investigation was conducted to determine if performance on a keeping-track task could be enhanced by redundantly coding the displayed information channels that were being updated. At set intervals, the subject was interrogated about the status of any one of the information channels. The information consisted of numbers, colors, or numbers on a colored background, the last being the redundantly coded material. The three variables studied were channel value, payoff ratio, and coding condition. Results indicated that redundant coding did not aid performance; rather, it provided the subjects extra cues and increased the number of strategies that were used. As in previous studies, selective attention to the high-valued channels was a function of channel value and payoff ratio.

Performance in keeping track of several channels of information was investigated as a function of payoff ratio, display format, stimulus on-time, load, and channel payoff value in a 4 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 mixed design. Each of 32 subjects was instructed to keep track of the status of a six-or ten-channel display. On alternate trials, a subject either was presented with a new piece of information or was interrogated about the present status of a channel. Analysis of the results indicated significant payoff-ratio, format, stimulus on-time, load, and value effects, as well as a significant load × value interaction. Results suggested that the greater the load on the operator and the greater the disparity between high- and low-valued information, the more likely selectivity of information is to occur. In addition, the probability of a correct response was investigated as a function of the time the information had to be retained and of the independent variables. Applications of the results to display monitoring contexts are discussed.