Suchergebnisse

Mincerian Earning Function (MEF), with its standard assumptions, is a dominant model to estimate earning returns to education through its earning-schooling relationship in labor markets. This study explores empirical evidence to estimate the MEF for different years of engineering training in Pakistan. The theoretical model of MEF is used to specify the main determinants of general education, experience, engineering training, and other variables to show a snapshot of technical training and earning relationships in Pakistan. The instrumental variable two stages least square (IV2SLS) technique gives estimates of MEF for the selected sample size of 371 qualified respondents in the fields of engineering education and training in this study. The two-stage random sampling technique is used to collect cross-sectional data, and the results are statistically significant for general education and engineering training in the case of Pakistan. General education, experience, engineering training, and the provinces associations for the respondents likely influence the log earnings of the respondents. The results put forth insightful policy implications for national and provincial public policy processes for human capital formation in the fields of science and technology.

In this study, the researchers observed the impact of Brexit on the Pound and its spillover to other European countries, likely to be affected during that period. The intraday high-frequency hourly return data of chief monies as Great Britain Pound (GBP), Euro (EUR), Danish Krone (DDK), Hungarian Forint (HUF), Turkish Lira (TRY), Swiss Franc (CHF), Swedish Krona (SEK), and Polish Zloty (PLN), for two months and one day, was utilized. The Intraday volatility spillover index approach and a further rolling window technique applied. The analysis of high-frequency data revealed that four currency pairs as TRY/USD, DKK/USD, PLN/USD, and HUF/USD, are highly volatile currencies. However, three pair currencies as GBP/USD, EUR/USD, and SEK/USD, are comparatively lesser volatile. The results and managerial implications reflect preparedness dynamics and proactiveness for a new continuum project that regional transmission effects of volatility spread from one currency to other currencies in the EU during Brexit.

The continual debate about the purpose, role, and function of the police for making the well-known organization is of keen interest for scholars. The present study aimed to explore the role of police conduct and its relationship with the complainants of crime in Pakistan's geographical area. The study utilized a quantitative research design to gather data from the field. A research instrument prepared to collect the data from respondents who have ever interacted with the police. The sample size of 385 respondents selected for the known population and multistage and proportionate random sampling techniques were applied to draw the sample. The study was limited to Gujrat District in Punjab Province, and respondents selected through this universe. The study revealed significant barriers that restrict the police department's efficiency and gain public trust in them. Theoretically, it was beneficial for elevating Pakistani criminology on the subject and practice; the research provides insights for taking the appropriate measures for better police-public liaison. The study's findings revealed that the complainants generally agreed that they have limited trust in the police and that political interference is one of the major causes of lack of public trust.

This research precisely analyzes the delay causes of one of the most delayed hydropower project in Pakistan. In this study, grey relation analysis has been employed which has strong analytical ability, in the process of grey relational analysis calculation, the same weight cannot fully reflect the optimality of evaluation, so we have used the entropy weight method to improve it, at the same time, we have used full information reflected by the evaluation index. The socioeconomic problems which are delaying this project (Diamar‐Basha dam) which include poor resettlement plan for local people, compensation of land, threat of cultural heritage, and ecological impacts of this project. It gives quantitative analysis by taking into account several issues in infrastructural project activities like historical and geographical disputes between local people and Governments, their socioeconomic impacts on affected population due to lack of finance and land use conflicts. The deeper roots behind the excusable delays of construction of the Diamar‐Basha dam are discovered in its true spirit while the putative reasons are decorated how this project get into such a predicament and further delay in construction of dam will make it a mirage project.