Suchergebnisse

Investigates the attitudes towards women held by 5,974 Kuwaiti and 7,382 Qatari professional men and women respectively, 53 men and 67 women Qatari college students, 26 Qatari college men student‐father pairs, and 36 Qatari women student‐mother pairs. Explains the predictive utility of sex, nationality, age, education, marital and parental status, and sex‐role self‐concepts (i.e. androgynous, masculine, feminine and undifferentiated self‐concepts) in attitudes towards women of the professional groups. The subjects completed the short version of the Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS), Bem's Sex Role Inventory and a demographic questionnaire. Analysis indicated that the AWS scores of the various groups were very low, suggesting very traditional attitudes towards women in both Kuwait and Qatar. Compares the findings with those reported in Western and Asian cultures, and discusses the results and implications in the context of the Arabian Gulf environment.

The present study was done to explore the relationships of sex and sex-role self-concepts with career decision-making self-efficacy expectations (CDMSE). A set of questionnaires was administered to three samples of Arab college students, which consisted of 95 Qatari men, 145 Qatari
women and 89 Kuwaiti women. Results indicated that sex had a negligible effect on career decision-making self-efficacy, and instrumental (masculine) attributes had a considerably stronger positive relationship with career decision-making self-efficacy than expressive (feminine) attributes.
In the three samples under study, androgynous and masculine self-concepts scored higher on career decision-making self-efficacy than undifferentiated self-concepts. Among Qatari men and Kuwaiti women, but not Qatari women, androgynous and masculine self-concepts were superior to feminine self-concepts.
Results and implications are discussed in the context of Arab sociopolitical environment.

Discusses the data analysed in the present study which was collected from 284 Qatari men and women college students. Examines the internal reliability estimates, construct and concurrent validity of the Protestant ethic scale. Internal consistency estimates of reliability and the pattern of relationships among the scales yielded similar results to those reported in the Western culture. Shows that, the factor analysis yielded four interpretable factors for the Protestant ethic scale, two factors for the work ethic scale, two factors for the Protestant ethic attitudes and five factors for the total items of the three Protestant work ethic scales and the leisure ethic scale. Posits that, these results are generally consistent with previous research findings, and, similar to previous research findings, the mean scores of the three Protestant ethic scales were relatively higher than those generally reported in developed countries. Suggests that, the results show that the three Protestant work ethic scales are moderately valid and reliable instruments to use for studying Arabian Gulf students.

The objectives of this research are: (1) to examine the relative importance of ten superior's, subordinate's, and situational attributes as determinants of the effectiveness of six supervisory bases of social power in the Arabian Gulf region, and (2) to extend the validity of previous research findings regarding the determinants of supervisory social power. Data were collected from 255 middle management Arab personnel from a wide variety of organizations in the State of Kuwait. Results obtainedfrom factor analysis indicate that three processes of influence are available to the superiors of middle managers: reward-punishment, position-organization, and expert-referent processes of influence. The internalization-influence process identified by Kelman (1958) was not obtained largely due to cultural influences. In addition, multiple regression results indicate that the educational level of the subordinate has dominating negative effect on the three influence processes. Most of the other determinants have significant relationships with one or two influence processes, but several of these relationships are not in the expected direction. Implications of the findings for the exercise of power in the Arabian Gulf region's organizations are discussed.